New mechanisms

Xi has also emphasized stringent law enforcement, calling for strict governance of the police force and a firm stance against denial of justice and judicial corruption.

Over the past years, central authorities have rolled out a slew of rules and regulations to prevent officials from interfering with judicial activities and regulate judicial personnel's contact with litigants, lawyers, specially-related parties, or intermediaries.

In 2019, all procuratorates at four levels were required to report officials or staff of judicial organs who attempted to access and meddle in cases under investigation.

Xi has also stressed the necessity to provide the people with easier access to legal services.

Once, to file a lawsuit at some primary level courts, people had to wait in long lines outside the courthouse. Due to the many inconveniences of case-filing, starting lawsuits had been an off-putting endeavor to the public.

Yet today, after reforms of the case-filing system, people can file lawsuits through many more channels, including mobile apps and websites.

Over 95 percent of requests for lawsuits were immediately accepted by courts when initiated.