www射-国产免费一级-欧美福利-亚洲成人福利-成人一区在线观看-亚州成人

chinadaily.com.cn
left corner left corner
China Daily Website

Robots lift China's factories to new heights

Updated: 2012-06-04 14:05
( Agencies)

The giant orange robotic arms that swiftly weld together car frames at the Great Wall Motors factory in Baoding might seem like the perfect answer to China's fast-rising labor costs, reported Reuters.

For Great Wall, a private sector Chinese car maker that employs 50,000 workers, the Swiss robots and other machinery that line its bright factory floor produce more than cost savings. The company hopes they will help it build cars good enough to compete with the global auto makers.

"You don't have to be an expert see the (quality) gap between Chinese cars and those made by companies like Audi and Volkswagen," said Li Shaohui, who oversees automatic control engineering for the company." To beat those competitors we have no choice but to use a higher level of equipment and technology."

From car plants to microchip foundries, China's industrial sector increasingly runs by machine.

According to Nomura, 28 percent of factory machines in China use numerical controls - one measure of automation. That may be far lower than Japan's 83 percent, but China is growing far faster than Japan did at a comparable stage of development, says Ge Wenjie, a machinery analyst with Nomura.

One of the biggest could be Foxconn Technology Group, maker of products for tech giant Apple, which is talking of plans to put a million robots in its factories.

The army of cheap laborers that made China a manufacturing powerhouse is neither as vast as once thought nor as cheap as it was. In response, manufacturers have been spending heavily on machines that will both make them more productive and let them churn out higher quality goods.

That change will pose a growing challenge for US, European and Japanese industrial companies not used to competing with Chinese firms in the high-end segments of their markets.

In other words, China may soon be known less for cheap Christmas toys and more for high-end medical equipment, luxury cars and jet engines.

"You will see foreign players facing more and more pressure from leading local manufacturers upgrading their products, their quality and their scale," said Raymond Tsang, a China-based partner with consultancy Bain.

Great Wall has seen some early success with its own efforts to take on the global brands. The company's solidly built Haval SUV and cheerfully named Wingle pickup truck have gained a foothold in Australia, where they sell for about half the price of comparable Japanese models.

Four of its models became the first Chinese cars to pass Europe's safety and emissions requirements, though they aren't yet on sale there.

The cost of a robot

Automation doesn't come cheap. A factory floor robot of the kind in Great Wall's plant costs about 4 million Japanese yen ($50,760) according to Ge of Nomura, and a production line might easily have 100 of them. There is also the cost of downtime, when machines need to be maintained or adjusted to handle new products.

For years, low wages meant automation was simply not worth the expense. A company didn't need to buy a packaging machine when it was cheaper to hire a room full of workers to do the same thing.

But steady cost rises are tilting the balance in favor of machines. Last year, urban labor costs in China increased 12.3 percent in inflation-adjusted terms for private companies, which face a worsening labor shortage.

"Everyone is doing this because there's tremendous competition in China and the cost of raw materials is going up and wages are going up," said Andy Rothman, an economist with CLSA in Hong Kong. "So really, the only way that most companies can survive is to raise productivity and the best way to do that here is to add a little bit more equipment."

The demand for higher quality also weighs in favor of automation. An engine block built by a worker positioning the drill by hand won't be as good - or sell for as much money - as one fashioned by machine.

"The big driver (for automation) is quality and consistency, especially for high tech," said Bain's Tsang. "For Chinese players to compete globally, they have to reach certain standards and be certified by their customers - automation is necessary to improve the quality."

The government sees that too. It has made industrial upgrading one of the key priorities of its latest five year plan, alongside rebalancing the economy toward greater domestic consumption. That has led Beijing to pour billions of dollars into strategic industries like clean energy and high-speed rail and to encourage imports of advanced machinery.

Still, it will be years before the lonely, fully automated production lines of high-end Japanese manufacturers are common in China. Its workforce remains huge and, even with inflation, dramatically cheaper than Japan's or Germany's.

"In China, we'll see things become much more automated than they are now, but I don't think it will ever be like Japan. There are just too many people in China," said Ge.

Among companies making the big shift to automation is Foxconn, whose chairman Terry Gou said last summer the firm would put up to 1 million robots in its massive Chinese factories over three years.

In Foxconn's case, the step follows not just rising labour costs but also a string of worker suicides and allegations of poor working conditions.

More productive

Surging demand for automation is a boon for makers of such equipment as sensors, frequency converters, conveyor belts, pneumatic systems.

Mitsubishi Electric Corp, which like Switzerland's ABB Ltd, Japan's Fanuc and others supplies such devices to China, sees sales there rising from 60 billion yen ($762 million) in 2011 to 100 billion yen by 2015, according to Masaki Shiroshita, president of Mitsubishi Electric Automation (China), Ltd.

The trend will also affect the broader economy. Despite China's manufacturing prowess, its productivity is strikingly low. The average US worker in a goods-producing job produces $84,580 worth of exports compared with just $5,228 for a Chinese worker, according to consulting firm High Frequency Economics.

That gap - a ratio of 16 to 1 - is partly explained by the higher-value items made in US factories, but also by the heavy application of capital and technology.

"Automation and mechanization is an incredibly important driver of productivity increase," said Louis Kuijs, an economist with the Fung Global Institute in Hong Kong. "There is huge scope for China to get more productivity out of its workers by doing this upgrading."

China's investment levels are high in international terms - manufacturing investment reached 10.3 trillion yuan ($1.6 trillion) last year, up 31.8 percent from 2010 - with much of the spending resulting in newer, better factories.

"What you're seeing is a really high level of investment in Chinese manufacturing, but most of this is not going to expanding capacity. It's making the workers more efficient," said Rothman.

"The small private firms that I visit around the country, they're still a bunch of guys in T-shirts banging on metal with rock. So they can invest in machinery and move up the value chain. I think there's a long way to go for that in China."

...

...
...
主站蜘蛛池模板: 国产午夜亚洲精品理论片不卡 | 国产成人一区二区三区 | 亚洲国产亚洲片在线观看播放 | 国产成人精品999在线 | 日本一极毛片兔费看 | 国产欧美视频在线观看 | 久久精品国产在爱久久 | 久久精品国产精品亚洲20 | 亚洲免费在线播放 | 嫩草影院成人 | 国产亚洲一区二区三区在线观看 | 免费午夜不卡毛片 | 国产91免费 | 亚洲另类激情综合偷自拍图 | 免费观看a视频 | 全部毛片| 国产精品a人片在线观看 | 国产三级a三级三级天天 | 男女视频在线看 | 中文字幕亚洲另类天堂 | 国产精品自拍在线观看 | 欧美成人免费在线观看 | 九九视频在线看精品 | 久久九九爱| 大尺度福利视频奶水在线 | 国产女人自拍 | 国产精品成人自拍 | 台湾三级香港三级在线理论 | 婷婷国产成人久久精品激情 | 亚洲网站免费观看 | 可以免费观看欧美一级毛片 | 成年人在线视频免费观看 | 国产一级做a爰片久久毛片99 | 最新主播福利视频在线观看 | 欧美亚洲日本国产 | 午夜私人影院免费体验区 | 中国美女隐私无遮挡免费视频 | 精品一精品国产一级毛片 | 欧美国产日韩在线播放 | 国产欧美久久久精品 | 久草草视频在线观看免费高清 |