www射-国产免费一级-欧美福利-亚洲成人福利-成人一区在线观看-亚州成人

USEUROPEAFRICAASIA 中文雙語(yǔ)Fran?ais
China
Home / China / Society

Monks chase Buddhism's highest degree

China Daily | Updated: 2017-07-21 08:58

Monks chase Buddhism's highest degree

A lama claps while debating during the seven-day preliminary examination for the Geshe Lharampa in Drepung Monastery in the Tibet autonomous region. [Photo/Xinhua]

Lamas seeking the religion's most-advanced academic title are judged by 20 examiners and 400 peers in preliminary tests

Ngawang Sogdoi, a 34-year-old monk in the Tibet autonomous region, is the most anxious he has ever been. On Monday, Ngawang, along with eight other candidates, began a seven-day preliminary examination needed to earn the Geshe Lharampa, the equivalent of a doctorate in his school of Buddhism.

Geshe Lharampa, which means "intellectual" in the Tibetan language, is the highest academic title in the Gelug school of Buddhism. Since 2005, more than 100 monks have received the degree in Tibet. Most of the degree holders are older than 40, making Ngawang one of the youngest candidates.

Drepung Monastery in Lhasa, capital of Tibet, where the preliminary test of the examination takes place, is crowded as usual. At Tsogchen (the Great Chanting Hall), candidates are tested by more than 20 examiners and 400 peers who can also raise questions.

The history of Lharampa goes back 400 years.

"It is the dream of almost all monks to reach such a level," said Ngawang, who became a monk at age 8, and started learning scriptures at age 15.

"I finished the Five Classics of Buddhism at age 28," he said. Ngawang's brother is also a Lharampa degree holder.

The Lharampa examination takes the form of debate, questions and answers. Ngawang is from Rato Monastery in Lhasa. He takes two examinations a year, but none are more demanding than the Lharampa exam. "It is a test of brains, physical strength, stamina and devotion to Buddhism," he said.

From July 11 to 15, the examination starts at 9 am and goes on until the afternoon each day. "The Geshe exam brings together high monks from many monasteries. I'm the only one from my monastery to take the exam. I have many things to worry about," Ngawang said.

Emphatic clapping during the examination conveys the intensity of the debate for outsiders, and it serves as a quick reminder for Ngawang to stay focused in his interpretation of Buddhism.

"If I give an answer that does not quite address the question, the examiner will clap his hands and sometimes speak up loudly to correct me," he said.

"Through the study of Buddhism, I have learned several ways to stay calm, and I am grateful for that."

Ngawang gets up at 6 am and spends nearly 11 hours each day learning scriptures and other lessons at the Rato Monastery.

"To prepare for such a high-level examination, I have had to put in extra work, and it is usually 1 am by the time I go to sleep," he said.

Drepung Monastery is not closed to visitors during the exam season, so tourists may observe the examination.

"Standing here, I can appreciate the long history of this monastery, and I am very lucky to see such a part of the Tibetan culture," said Franz, a tourist from Germany.

When Ngawang finishes the preliminary test, he will have to wait until April next year to take the final test at Jokhang Temple.

Last year, Ngawang also attended the High-Level Tibetan Buddhism College of China in Beijing to further his study.

His studies at the college will also earn him a doctorate in the academic field.

Ngawang traveled to Chengde in Hebei province as well as Tianjin and Shanghai during his studies in Beijing and speaks fluent Mandarin.

"My aim is to continue to study every single day. After the examination, I will return to my monastery. I'm a quiet person, and it's best for me to spend the rest of my life learning in the monastery," he said.

Xinhua

Monks chase Buddhism's highest degree

Ngawang Chodrak, a monk from Pashod Monastery in Tibet's Qamdo prefecture, undergoes the examination.[Photo/Xinhua]

Editor's picks
Copyright 1995 - . All rights reserved. The content (including but not limited to text, photo, multimedia information, etc) published in this site belongs to China Daily Information Co (CDIC). Without written authorization from CDIC, such content shall not be republished or used in any form. Note: Browsers with 1024*768 or higher resolution are suggested for this site.
License for publishing multimedia online 0108263

Registration Number: 130349
FOLLOW US
 
主站蜘蛛池模板: 台湾精品视频在线播放 | 亚洲国产经典 | 欧美成人性做爰网站免费 | 欧美成人se01短视频在线看 | caoporen个人免费公开视频 | 亚洲欧美日本国产 | 色一欲一性一乱一区二区三区 | 成人国产一区二区三区 | 91无套极品外围在线播放 | 国产欧美久久久精品 | 欧美综合一区二区三区 | 美女黄页黄频 | 日韩一级特黄 | 成人黄网18免费观看的网站 | 久久久在线视频精品免费观看 | 国产亚洲一区二区三区在线 | 欧美一区二区三区免费播放 | 国内精品久久久久久久aa护士 | 成年人黄视频在线观看 | 国产一区日韩二区欧美三 | 亚洲精品视频观看 | 国产v欧美v日韩在线观看 | 美国一级毛片oo | 久久视频这里只有精品 | 国产美女精品三级在线观看 | 免费看成人 | 欧美一级久久久久久久久大 | 成人性视频在线 | 午夜毛片免费观看视频 | 国产亚洲精品久久久久久久 | 久久福利青草精品资源站 | 国产成人在线视频免费观看 | 一级特级欧美aaaaa毛片 | 一色屋成人免费精品网 | 99国产精品久久久久久久... | 视频一区在线播放 | 国产成人aa在线观看视频 | 在线观看日本视频免费 | 久草资源免费 | 国产农村乱子伦精品视频 | 一级片免费观看视频 |