久久亚洲国产成人影院-久久亚洲国产的中文-久久亚洲国产高清-久久亚洲国产精品-亚洲图片偷拍自拍-亚洲图色视频

  Home>News Center>Life
         
 

History of Chinese homosexuality
(Shanghai Star)
Updated: 2004-04-01 11:41

Formal historical data provided by ancient records dealing with male homosexuality in China can be dated back to the Shang Dynasty (c. 16th century - 11th century BC), according to Li Yinhe in her book History of Chinese Homosexuality.

The term "Luan Feng" was used to describe homosexuality in the "Shang Dynasty Records". Interestingly, there are no record of lesbianism in Chinese history.

Historical traces of male homosexuality persist through dynasty to dynasty from ancient times and never disappear. It was in full swing during the Spring and Autumn and the Warring Periods, at which time Mi Zixia, favorite of the Monarch Wei, and Long Yang, favored by Monarch Wei, were the two best-known figures.

The greatest influences and achievements back then, however, belonged to the famous poet Qu Yuan. It is said that his love for the monarch Chu can be felt in most of his works, for instance his "Lisao" and "Longing for Beauty".

Prevailing among emperors

Li claimed that during the powerful Han Dynasty (206 BC - 220 AD) the homosexual activities of emperors and ministers were frequently preserved in the historical records. According to the "Historical Record" and "Han Dynasty Records", almost all emperors of the Western Han Dynasty had lovers of their same sex.

There was a much-told story about Emperor Ai, whose name was Liu Xin, and who reigned from 6 BC to 2 BC. Unwilling to awaken his male lover Dong Xian, who had fallen asleep on his robes, Liu cut off his sleeves instead.

After the Han Dynasty, the general attitude was tolerant, so long as homosexuals fulfilled their filial duties by getting married and continuing the family line.

Remarkably, a calm and dispassionate attitude to the homosexual phenomenon was always prevalent in ancient China. There was neither eulogy, nor criticism. It seemed to do no harm in maintaining traditional family ethics.

Male prostitution

The years 1573-1620 marked the most flourishing period of the Ming Dynasty (1368 - 1644). With great developments in industry and trade, luxurious life-styles also proliferated, according to Li's book.

Prostitution was a common practice at that time, due to the moral concept which advocated the acceptance of natural sexual needs, an approach promoted by the neo-Confucian philosopher Wang Yangming.

Male prostitutes (gigolos) were widely available to meet their clients' specific requirements.

Confucianism was canonized during the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911), with emphasis put on strict obedience to the social order. That is to say, both wife and husband should always remember their correct relationship, but homosexuals went directly against such rules.

Restrictive decree

Then, in 1740, the first anti-homosexual decree in Chinese history was promulgated, defining voluntarily homosexual intercourse between adults as illegal. Though there were no records on the effectiveness of this decree, it was the first time homosexuality had been subject to legal proscription in China.

During the cultural revolution (1966 - 76), homosexuals faced their worst period of persecution in Chinese history. The government considered homosexuality to be a social disgrace or a form of mental illness.

The police regularly rounded up gays and lesbians. Since there was no law against homosexuality, gays and lesbians were charged with hooliganism or disturbing public order. Since that time homosexuality has remained in closet.

Acceptance and tolerance

With the replacement of the 1989 edict - which defined homosexuality as a "psychiatric disorder of sexuality" - by the new "Chinese Classification and Diagnostic Criteria of Mental Disorders", released this March by the Chinese Psychiatric Association, China took a step closer to WHO policies, with homosexuals also benefiting from a general loosening of social restrictions.

Shanghai is one of the major cities where gays and lesbians are able to live a more open lifestyle, with some musicians and artists being openly gay. Bars are popular places for gays to meet, with weekends as the best time.

 
  Today's Top News     Top Life News
 

Technology sector gets US$1.3 billion

 

   
 

Chirac talks about lifting arms ban on China

 

   
 

Oil prices follow global market rises

 

   
 

Iraqis drag 4 US bodies through streets

 

   
 

Chinese kidnapped in Sudan back home finally

 

   
 

Hubei brings home fight against AIDS

 

   
  The legacy of Chinese architects
   
  Why Chinese women seek foreign husbands
   
  Thousands of fans pay tribute to Leslie Cheung
   
  Condom machines looted in Shanghai
   
  History of Chinese homosexuality
   
  Jessica Lynch ponders Survival, Celebrity
   
 
  Go to Another Section  
 
 
  Story Tools  
   
  Feature  
  An unforgettable man, Leslie Cheung  
Advertisement
         
主站蜘蛛池模板: 久久九九久精品国产 | 亚洲视频免费一区 | 国产精品免费大片一区二区 | 日本精品视频一区二区三区 | 国产成人免费a在线资源 | 久久国产99 | 久久免费网 | 美女黄频网站 | 国产成人精品午夜 | 免费人成在线观看网站 | 91热久久免费频精品黑人99 | 国产精品91在线播放 | 午夜黄色福利视频 | 中文字幕亚洲另类天堂 | 成人亚洲视频在线观看 | 不卡一级毛片免费高清 | 日本一本色道 | 色狠狠色综合吹潮 | 国产成人精品午夜在线播放 | 欧美yyy| 99在线观看视频免费 | 国产精品伦理久久久久 | 91香蕉国产线观看免 | 日韩精品视频一区二区三区 | www.亚洲免费 | 亚洲欧美日韩综合二区三区 | 国产精品久久久久久小说 | 国产成人精品午夜 | 最全精品自拍视频在线 | www日本高清| japanesetubesexfree | 久久久久久久91精品免费观看 | 国产成人综合亚洲亚洲欧美 | 99国产国人青青视频在线观看 | 九九热国产精品视频 | 性生活免费视频网站 | 亚洲一区二区三区高清网 | 成人网18免费网站在线 | 国产精品久久毛片蜜月 | 在线精品欧美日韩 | 国产91专区|