久久亚洲国产成人影院-久久亚洲国产的中文-久久亚洲国产高清-久久亚洲国产精品-亚洲图片偷拍自拍-亚洲图色视频

  Home>News Center>Life
         
 

History of Chinese homosexuality
(Shanghai Star)
Updated: 2004-04-01 11:41

Formal historical data provided by ancient records dealing with male homosexuality in China can be dated back to the Shang Dynasty (c. 16th century - 11th century BC), according to Li Yinhe in her book History of Chinese Homosexuality.

The term "Luan Feng" was used to describe homosexuality in the "Shang Dynasty Records". Interestingly, there are no record of lesbianism in Chinese history.

Historical traces of male homosexuality persist through dynasty to dynasty from ancient times and never disappear. It was in full swing during the Spring and Autumn and the Warring Periods, at which time Mi Zixia, favorite of the Monarch Wei, and Long Yang, favored by Monarch Wei, were the two best-known figures.

The greatest influences and achievements back then, however, belonged to the famous poet Qu Yuan. It is said that his love for the monarch Chu can be felt in most of his works, for instance his "Lisao" and "Longing for Beauty".

Prevailing among emperors

Li claimed that during the powerful Han Dynasty (206 BC - 220 AD) the homosexual activities of emperors and ministers were frequently preserved in the historical records. According to the "Historical Record" and "Han Dynasty Records", almost all emperors of the Western Han Dynasty had lovers of their same sex.

There was a much-told story about Emperor Ai, whose name was Liu Xin, and who reigned from 6 BC to 2 BC. Unwilling to awaken his male lover Dong Xian, who had fallen asleep on his robes, Liu cut off his sleeves instead.

After the Han Dynasty, the general attitude was tolerant, so long as homosexuals fulfilled their filial duties by getting married and continuing the family line.

Remarkably, a calm and dispassionate attitude to the homosexual phenomenon was always prevalent in ancient China. There was neither eulogy, nor criticism. It seemed to do no harm in maintaining traditional family ethics.

Male prostitution

The years 1573-1620 marked the most flourishing period of the Ming Dynasty (1368 - 1644). With great developments in industry and trade, luxurious life-styles also proliferated, according to Li's book.

Prostitution was a common practice at that time, due to the moral concept which advocated the acceptance of natural sexual needs, an approach promoted by the neo-Confucian philosopher Wang Yangming.

Male prostitutes (gigolos) were widely available to meet their clients' specific requirements.

Confucianism was canonized during the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911), with emphasis put on strict obedience to the social order. That is to say, both wife and husband should always remember their correct relationship, but homosexuals went directly against such rules.

Restrictive decree

Then, in 1740, the first anti-homosexual decree in Chinese history was promulgated, defining voluntarily homosexual intercourse between adults as illegal. Though there were no records on the effectiveness of this decree, it was the first time homosexuality had been subject to legal proscription in China.

During the cultural revolution (1966 - 76), homosexuals faced their worst period of persecution in Chinese history. The government considered homosexuality to be a social disgrace or a form of mental illness.

The police regularly rounded up gays and lesbians. Since there was no law against homosexuality, gays and lesbians were charged with hooliganism or disturbing public order. Since that time homosexuality has remained in closet.

Acceptance and tolerance

With the replacement of the 1989 edict - which defined homosexuality as a "psychiatric disorder of sexuality" - by the new "Chinese Classification and Diagnostic Criteria of Mental Disorders", released this March by the Chinese Psychiatric Association, China took a step closer to WHO policies, with homosexuals also benefiting from a general loosening of social restrictions.

Shanghai is one of the major cities where gays and lesbians are able to live a more open lifestyle, with some musicians and artists being openly gay. Bars are popular places for gays to meet, with weekends as the best time.

 
  Today's Top News     Top Life News
 

Technology sector gets US$1.3 billion

 

   
 

Chirac talks about lifting arms ban on China

 

   
 

Oil prices follow global market rises

 

   
 

Iraqis drag 4 US bodies through streets

 

   
 

Chinese kidnapped in Sudan back home finally

 

   
 

Hubei brings home fight against AIDS

 

   
  The legacy of Chinese architects
   
  Why Chinese women seek foreign husbands
   
  Thousands of fans pay tribute to Leslie Cheung
   
  Condom machines looted in Shanghai
   
  History of Chinese homosexuality
   
  Jessica Lynch ponders Survival, Celebrity
   
 
  Go to Another Section  
 
 
  Story Tools  
   
  Feature  
  An unforgettable man, Leslie Cheung  
Advertisement
         
主站蜘蛛池模板: 日本www高清 | 亚洲国产成人久久综合一区77 | 韩国毛片视频 | 国产成人久久 | 亚洲国产成人91精品 | 国产三级视频在线播放 | 亚洲成人精品 | 日韩久久一级毛片 | 毛片久久 | 自拍偷拍亚洲区 | 手机在线看片福利 | 欧美一级毛片日韩一级 | 亚洲国产一区二区三区综合片 | 欧美成人午夜片一一在线观看 | 国产系列在线播放 | 国产精品久久久久久亚洲伦理 | 美女毛片在线观看 | 午夜香蕉成视频人网站高清版 | 国产又粗又黄又湿又大 | 成人伊人青草久久综合网 | 日本理论片午夜论片 | 亚洲最大福利视频 | 玖草资源在线 | 亚洲一区2区三区4区5区 | 亚洲国产高清人在线 | 热99re久久精品香蕉 | 永久免费观看午夜视频在线 | 亚洲一级毛片免观看 | 亚洲国产日韩欧美在线 | 亚洲精品一二三 | 欧美视频在线观看免费精品欧美视频 | 美女扒开腿让男人桶爽免费动态图 | 香蕉久久高清国产精品免费 | 国产一级高清视频 | 国产91网 | 特级毛片在线播放 | 欧美成人全部免费观看1314色 | a级国产乱理伦片在线观看国 | 国产精品成人自拍 | 亚洲国产一区二区三区四区五区 | 日本黄色毛片 |