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| Unhappiness has risen in the past
decade. |
There's more misery in people's lives today than a decade ago.
So says a new study on life's negatives from the University of
Chicago's National Opinion Research Center, which conducts social science
research for government agencies, educational institutions, non-profit
organizations and private corporations.
The researchers surveyed 1,340 people about negative life events and
found that the 2004 respondents had more troubles than those who were
surveyed in 1991.
"The anticipation would have been that problems would have been down,"
says Tom Smith, the study's author. He says good economic years during the
'90s would have brought an expectation of fewer problems, not more.
Overall, the percentage who reported at least one significant negative
life event increased from 88% to 92%. Most of the problems were related to
increased incidents of illness and the inability to afford medical care;
mounting bills; unemployment; and troubled romantic relationships.
On a more positive note, fewer of those surveyed reported having
trouble with crime or the law.
The University of Chicago report is part of a larger study known as the
larger General Social Survey, which is supported by the National Science
Foundation and financed through grants .
Some of the problems outlined in the study were more complicated than
just a single bad event. For instance, the inability to afford health care
rose from 7% in 1991 to 11% in 2004. Those who said they lacked health
insurance increased from 12% to 18%. On the romantic front, the percentage
who reported breaking up with a steady partner doubled from 4% to 8%.
But people shouldn't despair even if there is trouble around them. Bad
experiences don't necessarily make people unhappy, says Jonathan Haidt, an
associate professor of psychology at the University of Virginia and author
of the new book The Happiness Hypothesis.
He advises a three-point check-up on the state of personal
relationships, the work environment and control over daily life, because
improving those areas will boost happiness.
(Agencies) |
如今，人們生活中的煩惱比十年前多了很多。
芝加哥大學(xué)國民心理研究中心所做的一項關(guān)于生活中消極因素的研究如是說。該研究中心受政府部門、教育機構(gòu)、非盈利性組織以及私人企業(yè)的委托進行了社會科學(xué)調(diào)查。
研究人員對1340個人在生活中遇到的消極事件進行了調(diào)查，發(fā)現(xiàn)2004年被調(diào)查者的煩惱比1991年的要多。
研究報告的撰寫者湯姆·史密斯說，"按照我們的預(yù)測，煩惱應(yīng)該比原來少才對。"他說，90年代經(jīng)濟狀況好轉(zhuǎn)，這應(yīng)該使人們的煩惱減少，而不是增多。
從整體上看，說自己至少有一件重大消極事件的人數(shù)比例從88%上升到了92%。大多數(shù)的煩惱是生病次數(shù)增多，無力支付醫(yī)療費用、失業(yè)以及愛情受挫。
值得慶幸的是，被調(diào)查對象中很少有人說自己的煩惱和犯罪或法律事件有關(guān)。
芝加哥大學(xué)的報告是大規(guī)模社會普查的一部分，社會普查由國家科學(xué)基金會支持，它的主要經(jīng)費來源是政府撥款。
研究中列出的一些"煩惱"相當(dāng)復(fù)雜，并不是某一件麻煩事。比如，無力支付保健費用的人數(shù)比例從1991年的7%增長到了2004年的11%。說自己沒有健康保險的人從12%上升到了18%。而和長期交往的伴侶分手的人數(shù)比例則翻了一番，從4%增至8%。
弗吉尼亞大學(xué)心理學(xué)副教授喬納森·哈德特說，即使有麻煩困擾，人們也不應(yīng)該絕望。不幸的經(jīng)歷不一定會讓人悲傷。喬納森·哈德特是新書《快樂假設(shè)說》的作者。
他建議對人際關(guān)系、工作環(huán)境和個人日常生活管理這三個方面加強重視，因為這些方面的改善會讓快樂"升值"。
(中國日報網(wǎng)站編譯) |
Updated: 2006-01-12 09:00
