久久亚洲国产成人影院-久久亚洲国产的中文-久久亚洲国产高清-久久亚洲国产精品-亚洲图片偷拍自拍-亚洲图色视频

您現(xiàn)在的位置: Language Tips> Olympics> Encyclopedia  
 





 
Excellence and the competitive spirit
[ 2007-06-12 11:19 ]

古代奧運會與現(xiàn)代奧運會一樣,提倡公平競賽,追求卓越的奧林匹克精神。但是,不少運動員為了一時的光榮而采取各種舞弊的行為仍然是難以避免的。為了整頓賽場風氣,古代奧運會組織者們也像現(xiàn)代同行一樣,對那些違反奧運精神的運動員予以嚴厲的懲罰。

Ancient athletes competed as individuals, not on national teams, as in the modern Games. The emphasis on individual athletic achievement through public competition was related to the Greek ideal of excellence, called arete. Aristocratic men who attained this ideal, through their outstanding words or deeds, won permanent glory and fame. Those who failed to measure up to this code feared public shame and disgrace.

Not all athletes lived up to this code of excellence. Those who were discovered cheating were fined, and the money was used to make bronze statues of Zeus, which were erected on the road to the stadium. The statues were inscribed with messages describing the offenses, warning others not to cheat, reminding athletes that victory was won by skill and not by money, and emphasizing the Olympic spirit of piety toward the gods and fair competition.

The earliest recorded cheater was Eupolus of Thessaly, who bribed boxers in the 98th Olympiad. Callippus of Athens bought off his competitors in the pentathlon during the 112th festival. Two Egyptian boxers, Didas and Sarapammon, were fined for fixing the outcome of their match at the 226th Olympics. All these men were immortalized as cheaters in the writer Pausanias' 2nd century A.D. guidebook to Greece, in which he describes the statues at Olympia and recounts the men's misdeeds.

(通訊員孫偉 王樂迪投稿  英語點津boeybb編輯)

點擊查看更多奧運百科

 
 

 

 

 
 

48小時內(nèi)最熱門

     
  女孩的心思誰能猜:Suspended from class
  各種各樣的“錢”
  “搶鏡頭”怎么說
  姚明婚后打算:備戰(zhàn)奧運第一

本頻道最新推薦

     
  Cultural achievements of the ancient Olympics
  Former IOC president: Beijing 2008 will be best-ever Games
  Olympic Opening Ceremony tickets getting hot
  5th BEIJING 2008 Olympic Cultural Festival to kick off
  The boxer Diagoras






主站蜘蛛池模板: 日本精品在线观看 | 成人精品网 | 亚洲综合精品一二三区在线 | 国产黄色自拍 | 韩国a级毛片 | 97在线视频免费公开观看 | 精品一区二区在线欧美日韩 | 亚洲国产精品久久久久 | 久草经典视频 | 露脸国产野战最新在线视频 | 可以看毛片的网址 | 精品特级一级毛片免费观看 | 精品久久久久久久九九九精品 | 337p粉嫩日本亚洲大胆艺术照 | 日韩色吧| 免费国产一区二区在免费观看 | 欧美午夜视频一区二区 | 日韩一区二区三区精品 | 色一伦一情一区二区三区 | 91精品欧美成人 | 中文日韩字幕一区在线观看 | 日韩欧美精品一区二区三区 | 欧美一级aa免费毛片 | 国产精品久久久久久搜索 | 国产亚洲精品国产第一 | 在线毛片观看 | 色天使影院 | 成人免费一级片 | 精品国产一区二区三区四区vr | 久久精品网站免费观看 | 欧美高清色视频在线播放 | 亚洲视频免费 | 精品视频一区二区三区在线观看 | www.女人的天堂.com | 国产专区中文字幕 | 免费视频久久 | 中文字幕亚洲日本岛国片 | 午夜宅男在线永久免费观看网 | 国产特一级毛片 | 视频一区二区三区自拍 | 女人毛片a毛片久久人人 |