久久亚洲国产成人影院-久久亚洲国产的中文-久久亚洲国产高清-久久亚洲国产精品-亚洲图片偷拍自拍-亚洲图色视频

 
 
 

Past serves as lesson in sustainable fishing

2012-04-11 13:30

 

Get Flash Player

Download

For some 400 years before European settlers arrived, ancient Hawaiian societies caught as much fish as modern fishers or more - without fishing the reefs to depletion, according to a new study.

The findings suggest that, with the right strategies and enforcement, fishing can be productive and sustainable for the long term.

Protect the catch

While some of the steps the ancient Hawaiians took to protect their catch are extreme by today's standards, conservation experts would find many of them familiar.

Past serves as lesson in sustainable fishing

When the first Europeans settled on the remote Pacific island chain of Hawaii in the 18th century, fishing had been going strong for centuries.

Each local ruler made sure it stayed that way, according to sociologist Jack Kittinger at Stanford University's Center for Ocean Solutions.

"If [the ruler's agent] decided that the fish stock on a particular reef needed to rest - people had been fishing it too much - then he would put a kapu on fishing in that reef."

"Kapu" roughly translates as "forbidden," and that was enough for the local fishers.

Past serves as lesson in sustainable fishing

Kittinger says James Cook, the first European to reach Hawaii, saw the kapu system in action.

He would describe it as "Oh, you know, everyone is out on the water. The next day there was a kapu put on the bay by the local king, and no one was on the water. Like, you know, people obeyed these things."

It was also kapu to catch skipjack tuna for roughly half the year, and mackerel scad the other half.

And only a professional class of fishermen was allowed to fish in deeper waters and use certain types of equipment.

Overfishing

Those and other traditional methods kept the coral reef ecosystems producing as much or more fish as they are today. And they had done so for about 400 years before the Europeans arrived, according to a study by Kittinger and his co-author published in March in the journal Fish and Fisheries.

Today, on the other hand, overfishing threatens the Hawaiian reefs, and more than half of the reefs around the world.

When Kittinger looks at today's efforts to control overfishing, he sees a lot of parallels with the ancient Hawaiian practices.

"They had basically the same tools in the toolbox that we have today," he says. "We do the same thing. We say, 'You can use this gear here, but you can't use it there. This area is off limits,' and so on and so forth, the same basic strategies. But the difference is how those strategies were implemented."

The difference, he says, is if you broke a kapu, "You're in deep trouble," he says. It could mean blinding or even death.

Some other strategies might be a bit out of step with modern values. Women were forbidden from eating certain kinds of prized fish. Turtles were off-limits for everyone but chiefs and high priests.

Kittinger says these rules had the effect of protecting these species.

"We think that the fact that they were protected probably arose as a response to understanding that those species were vulnerable," Kittinger says.

Living on remote islands in the middle of the ocean, subject to storms, droughts, tsunamis and so on, Kittinger says protecting the food supply was a matter of life and death for the ancient Hawaiians.

Lesson from the past

But with ocean ecosystems worldwide in decline, Kittinger says we could learn from their experience.

"These days, you get a slap on the wrist if you break a fisheries law," he says. "And it just tells us we don't really take enforcement that seriously. If we were really serious about protecting the resource, we need to be more serious about the violations and what happens with the violator."

He is not suggesting bringing back the death penalty for violators, but says today's more relaxed attitudes are not enough.

skipjack tuna: 鰹魚

mackerel scad:

Related stories:

Fishing bans imposed on Pearl, Yangtze to help declining stock

First hybrid shark found off Australian coast

US, EU to increase fight against illegal fishing

美加州參議院通過魚翅禁令

(來源:VOA 編輯:旭燕)

 
中國日報網英語點津版權說明:凡注明來源為“中國日報網英語點津:XXX(署名)”的原創作品,除與中國日報網簽署英語點津內容授權協議的網站外,其他任何網站或單位未經允許不得非法盜鏈、轉載和使用,違者必究。如需使用,請與010-84883561聯系;凡本網注明“來源:XXX(非英語點津)”的作品,均轉載自其它媒體,目的在于傳播更多信息,其他媒體如需轉載,請與稿件來源方聯系,如產生任何問題與本網無關;本網所發布的歌曲、電影片段,版權歸原作者所有,僅供學習與研究,如果侵權,請提供版權證明,以便盡快刪除。

中國日報網雙語新聞

掃描左側二維碼

添加Chinadaily_Mobile
你想看的我們這兒都有!

中國日報雙語手機報

點擊左側圖標查看訂閱方式

中國首份雙語手機報
學英語看資訊一個都不能少!

關注和訂閱

本文相關閱讀
人氣排行
搜熱詞
 
 
精華欄目
 

閱讀

詞匯

視聽

翻譯

口語

合作

 

關于我們 | 聯系方式 | 招聘信息

Copyright by chinadaily.com.cn. All rights reserved. None of this material may be used for any commercial or public use. Reproduction in whole or in part without permission is prohibited. 版權聲明:本網站所刊登的中國日報網英語點津內容,版權屬中國日報網所有,未經協議授權,禁止下載使用。 歡迎愿意與本網站合作的單位或個人與我們聯系。

電話:8610-84883645

傳真:8610-84883500

Email: languagetips@chinadaily.com.cn

主站蜘蛛池模板: 99久久免费国产精品 | 天天爱天天做天天爽天天躁 | 国产a国产片 | 精品国产九九 | 久久精品免费在线观看 | 色综合久久91 | a级毛片免费高清视频 | 亚洲国产精品久久综合 | 婷婷色综合久久五月亚洲 | 久久精品国产线看观看亚洲 | 日韩18在线观看 | 国产精品高清在线观看93 | 久久久久99精品成人片三人毛片 | 日韩欧美一区二区三区在线观看 | 日韩成人精品日本亚洲 | 手机免费黄色网址 | 精品欧美成人bd高清在线观看 | 欧美三级美国一级 | 久久久久成人精品一区二区 | 亚洲午夜片| 久久99亚洲精品一区二区 | 亚洲欧美日韩综合二区三区 | 全国最大色成免费网站 | 男人一进一出桶女人视频 | 国产亚洲精品资源一区 | 国产在线观看成人免费视频 | 99视频精品免费99在线 | 国产毛片基地 | 亚州精品一区二区三区 | 欧美一级欧美三级在线 | 毛片免费观看久久欧美 | 亚洲人成网站观看在线播放 | 国产一级小视频 | 国产成人在线免费视频 | 欧美特黄一区二区三区 | 欧美成人精品一区二区 | 国产精品视频久 | 亚洲欧美字幕 | 一级做a爰片性色毛片男 | 亚洲天堂视频在线 | 女人张开腿让男人操 |