《中共中央關(guān)于全面深化改革若干重大問(wèn)題的決定》要點(diǎn)雙語(yǔ)對(duì)照

（2013年11月12日中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨第十八屆中央委員會(huì)第三次全體會(huì)議通過(guò)）

The Decision on Major Issues Concerning Comprehensively Deepening Reforms was adopted at the close of the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee on Tuesday. The following is an abridged version of the full text of the document:

一、全面深化改革的重大意義和指導(dǎo)思想

I—Significance and principles

1. 改革開(kāi)放是決定當(dāng)代中國(guó)命運(yùn)的關(guān)鍵抉擇。解放思想永無(wú)止境，改革開(kāi)放永無(wú)止境。必須在新的歷史起點(diǎn)上全面深化改革。

1. Reform and opening-up has been a crucial choice that China has made regarding its destiny in modern times. But there can never be an end to the need for the emancipation of individual thought or for continuing reform and opening-up. China must deepen its all-round reform with a new starting point.

2. 堅(jiān)持社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)改革方向，以促進(jìn)社會(huì)公平正義、增進(jìn)人民福祉為出發(fā)點(diǎn)和落腳點(diǎn)。全面深化改革的總目標(biāo)是完善和發(fā)展中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義制度，推進(jìn)國(guó)家治理體系和治理能力現(xiàn)代化。緊緊圍繞使市場(chǎng)在資源配置中起決定性作用深化經(jīng)濟(jì)體制改革。緊緊圍繞堅(jiān)持黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)、加快推進(jìn)社會(huì)主義民主政治制度化。緊緊圍繞建設(shè)社會(huì)主義核心價(jià)值體系深化文化體制改革。緊緊圍繞更好保障和改善民生、促進(jìn)社會(huì)公平正義深化社會(huì)體制改革。緊緊圍繞建設(shè)美麗中國(guó)深化生態(tài)文明體制改革。緊緊圍繞提高科學(xué)執(zhí)政、民主執(zhí)政、依法執(zhí)政水平深化黨的建設(shè)制度改革。

2. China must stick to the socialist market economy as the orientation of its reform, must promote social fairness and justice and must seek to advance the well-being of the people. The general purpose of deepening its all-round reform is to develop socialism with Chinese characteristics, to advance modernization in the State governance system and governance capability. The basic economic system should evolve on the decisive role of the market in resource allocation. Political reform must evolve around the leadership of the Communist Party of China and advance the institutionalization of socialist democracy. Cultural reform must evolve around the socialist core value system. Social reform must evolve around the protection and improvement of the people's livelihood and advance fairness and justice. The development of an eco-conscious civilization must evolve around the building of a beautiful China. The reform of Party building must evolve on the effort to raise the level of governance to be scientific, democratic and according to the law.

3. 經(jīng)濟(jì)體制改革是全面深化改革的重點(diǎn)。

3. The reform of the economic system is the focus of all the efforts to deepen the all-round reform.

4. 改革開(kāi)放的成功實(shí)踐為全面深化改革提供了重要經(jīng)驗(yàn)，必須長(zhǎng)期堅(jiān)持。到二0二0年，在重要領(lǐng)域和關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)改革上取得決定性成果。

4. The successful experience of the past reform and opening-up must be built upon. Decisive results are to be obtained in key areas in 2020.

二、堅(jiān)持和完善基本經(jīng)濟(jì)制度

II—Basic economic system

公有制為主體、多種所有制經(jīng)濟(jì)共同發(fā)展的基本經(jīng)濟(jì)制度，是中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義制度的重要支柱。公有制經(jīng)濟(jì)和非公有制經(jīng)濟(jì)都是社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的重要組成部分。

China's economic system is one with public ownership serving as its main body but allowing for the development of all types of ownership. Both public and non-public ownership are key components of China's socialist market economy.

5. 完善產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)制度。產(chǎn)權(quán)是所有制的核心。公有制經(jīng)濟(jì)財(cái)產(chǎn)權(quán)不可侵犯，非公有制經(jīng)濟(jì)財(cái)產(chǎn)權(quán)同樣不可侵犯。國(guó)家保護(hù)各種所有制經(jīng)濟(jì)產(chǎn)權(quán)和合法利益，保證各種所有制經(jīng)濟(jì)依法平等使用生產(chǎn)要素、公開(kāi)公平公正參與市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)、同等受到法律保護(hù)，依法監(jiān)管各種所有制經(jīng)濟(jì)。

5. Complete the property rights protection system. Property rights are the key factor of ownership. The property rights of the public economy are inviolable, as are the property rights of the non-public economy. The government protects the property rights and legitimate interests of all kinds of ownership by ensuring that various ownerships have equal access to production factors, open and fair market competition and the same legal protection and supervision.

6. 積極發(fā)展混合所有制經(jīng)濟(jì)。國(guó)有資本、集體資本、非公有資本等交叉持股、相互融合的混合所有制經(jīng)濟(jì)，是基本經(jīng)濟(jì)制度的重要實(shí)現(xiàn)形式，有利于國(guó)有資本放大功能、保值增值、提高競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。允許更多國(guó)有經(jīng)濟(jì)和其他所有制經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展成為混合所有制經(jīng)濟(jì)。國(guó)有資本投資項(xiàng)目允許非國(guó)有資本參股。允許混合所有制經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)行企業(yè)員工持股，形成資本所有者和勞動(dòng)者利益共同體。完善國(guó)有資產(chǎn)管理體制，以管資本為主加強(qiáng)國(guó)有資產(chǎn)監(jiān)管。組建若干國(guó)有資本運(yùn)營(yíng)公司，支持有條件的國(guó)有企業(yè)改組為國(guó)有資本投資公司。劃轉(zhuǎn)部分國(guó)有資本充實(shí)社會(huì)保障基金。完善國(guó)有資本經(jīng)營(yíng)預(yù)算制度，提高國(guó)有資本收益上繳公共財(cái)政比例，二0二0年提到百分之三十，更多用于保障和改善民生。

6. Actively develop a diversified ownership economy. Diversified ownership integrated by State capital, collective capital and private capital is the prime method for materializing the basic economic system, helping improve functions, increase value and promote the competitiveness of State capital. Allow more State-owned enterprises and other ownership enterprises to develop into mixed-ownership enterprises. Non-State shares will be allowed in State capital investment projects. Mixed-ownership enterprises will be allowed to utilize employee stock ownership to form a vested community of capital owners and workers. Improve the State-owned assets-management system and strengthen State-asset supervision by focusing on capital management. Establish a number of State-owned capital operating companies and back the transformation of qualified State-owned enterprises into State-owned investment companies. Transfer some State-owned capital to social security funds. Improve the State-owned capital operation budget system and increase the proportion of State capital gains paid in public financing to 30 percent by 2020, which will be used to ensure and improve people's livelihoods.

7. 推動(dòng)國(guó)有企業(yè)完善現(xiàn)代企業(yè)制度。準(zhǔn)確界定不同國(guó)有企業(yè)功能。國(guó)有資本加大對(duì)公益性企業(yè)的投入。國(guó)有資本繼續(xù)控股經(jīng)營(yíng)的自然壟斷行業(yè)，實(shí)行以政企分開(kāi)、政資分開(kāi)、特許經(jīng)營(yíng)、政府監(jiān)管為主要內(nèi)容的改革。進(jìn)一步破除各種形式的行政壟斷。健全協(xié)調(diào)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)、有效制衡的公司法人治理結(jié)構(gòu)。建立職業(yè)經(jīng)理人制度。建立長(zhǎng)效激勵(lì)約束機(jī)制，強(qiáng)化國(guó)有企業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)投資責(zé)任追究，探索推進(jìn)國(guó)有企業(yè)財(cái)務(wù)預(yù)算等重大信息公開(kāi)。國(guó)有企業(yè)要合理增加市場(chǎng)化選聘比例，合理確定并嚴(yán)格規(guī)范國(guó)有企業(yè)管理人員薪酬水平、職務(wù)待遇、職務(wù)消費(fèi)、業(yè)務(wù)消費(fèi)。

7. Push for a modern system for State-owned enterprises. Accurately define the functions of different SOEs. Increase State capital's contribution to public services. In the natural monopoly industries held by State capital, the separation of government and enterprises, of government and funds, and of franchise operation and government supervision are the main thrust of the reform. Further break all forms of administrative monopoly. Improve coordinated and effective corporate governance structure. Establish a professional management system. Establish long-term incentive and restraint mechanisms, strengthen SOE's investment accountability and explore ways to publicize important information, including SOEs' financial budgets. State-owned enterprises should reasonably increase the proportion of market-oriented recruitment, reasonably determine and strictly regulate SOE executives' wage levels, and position benefits, consumption and business spending.

8. 支持非公有制經(jīng)濟(jì)健康發(fā)展。非公有制經(jīng)濟(jì)在支撐增長(zhǎng)、促進(jìn)創(chuàng)新、擴(kuò)大就業(yè)、增加稅收等方面具有重要作用。堅(jiān)持權(quán)利平等、機(jī)會(huì)平等、規(guī)則平等，廢除對(duì)非公有制經(jīng)濟(jì)各種形式的不合理規(guī)定，消除各種隱性壁壘，制定非公有制企業(yè)進(jìn)入特許經(jīng)營(yíng)領(lǐng)域具體辦法。鼓勵(lì)非公有制企業(yè)參與國(guó)有企業(yè)改革，鼓勵(lì)發(fā)展非公有資本控股的混合所有制企業(yè)，鼓勵(lì)有條件的私營(yíng)企業(yè)建立現(xiàn)代企業(yè)制度。

8. Support the healthy development of the non-public economy, which will play an important role in fostering growth, promoting innovation, expanding employment and increasing tax revenues. Adhere to the equality of rights, equality of opportunity and equality of rules; abolish all forms of unreasonable regulations on the non-public economy, eliminate hidden barriers and fix specific measures promoting non-public enterprises entering franchising fields. Encourage non-public enterprises to participate in SOE reform, encourage their capital holdings of diversified-ownership enterprises and encourage qualified private enterprises to establish modern enterprise systems.

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