附件四

亞太經合組織互聯互通藍圖（2015－2025）

Annex D

APEC Connectivity Blueprint for 2015-2025

背景

Background

在2013年亞太經合組織領導人宣言中，我們提出硬件、軟件和人員交往互聯互通三大支柱，實現亞太無縫、全方位互聯互通和一體化的目標。

In the APEC Leaders' 2013 Declaration, we shared our aspiration to reach a seamlessly and comprehensively connected and integrated Asia-Pacific through the pillars of Physical Connectivity, Institutional Connectivity and People-to-People Connectivity.

實現互聯互通對于亞太經合組織這樣多樣化的地區組織是極具挑戰的目標，但正是這樣的目標將激勵我們取得切實、有力的成就。

Connectivity represents an ambitious target for a diverse regional organization such as APEC, but it is precisely that ambition that will drive strong and tangible achievement.

互聯互通不僅對政府和工商界具有重要意義，對亞太經合組織大家庭也至關重要。實現亞太經合組織發達經濟體和新興增長中心之間的連接，將提升區域經濟增長質量，促進亞太經濟繁榮和韌性。

Connectivity will be important not only for governments and business, but also for APEC as a community. By connecting APEC's developed and emerging growth centers, the region's quality of growth will improve, contributing to the Asia-Pacific's economic prosperity and resilience.

我們贊賞亞太經合組織各下屬機構和工作組推進區域互聯互通的努力和成就。各經濟體在自身和區域層面也為此開展了大量實質工作。

In this regard, we note with appreciation that significant work has already been done by various APEC fora and working groups in advancing connectivity in the region. APEC economies have also undertaken substantial amounts of work to improve connectivity, both at the domestic and regional levels.

近年，亞太經合組織雖然在促進互聯互通方面取得很多進展和成就，但挑戰猶存。

However, despite the many achievements and successes of APEC in promoting connectivity in previous years, many challenges still remain.

硬件聯通方面，域內基礎設施及信息通訊技術設施的普及和質量仍不均衡。

On physical connectivity, there is still a disparity in access to and quality of physical and Information and Communications Technology (ICT) infrastructure throughout the region.

軟件聯通方面，由于各種管理限制或能力差距，現有規制在促進互聯互通方面仍有很大不足。

On institutional connectivity, there is also a significant gap in the ability of existing institutions to promote connectivity due to various regulatory constraints or lack of capacity.

人員交往互聯互通方面，需要減少人員交往和流動障礙，為促進人員順暢流動而共同努力。

On people-to-people connectivity, much work needs to be done to ease existing barriers to interaction and mobility, and to develop joint endeavors that will support seamless flows of people.

基于上述，我們制定這份藍圖，為當前和未來實施合作倡議提供戰略指導和高級別合作框架，指引亞太經合組織各機制工作并形成合力，使亞太地區聯系更加緊密。

 We have therefore developed this Blueprint as a strategic guide for current and future initiatives that will bring the APEC region closer together, and as a high-level framework towards which many APEC work streams will focus their efforts.

2025年亞太經合組織互聯互通愿景

The Vision of APEC Connectivity in 2025

我們決心在2025年前完成各方共同確立的倡議和指標，加強硬件、軟件和人員交往互聯互通，實現無縫、全面聯接和融合亞太的遠景目標。

Through the Blueprint, we commit to strengthen physical, institutional, and people-to-people connectivity by taking agreed actions and meeting agreed targets by 2025, with the objective of achieving a seamless and comprehensively connected and integrated Asia Pacific.

為實現上述遠景目標，亞太經合組織成員將在硬件、軟件和人員交往互聯互通三大領域采取切實行動。

In order to attain this overarching goal, APEC member economies will undertake specific tangible actions at the physical, institutional, and people-to-people pillar levels.

此藍圖包含業已提出的互聯互通合作倡議,鼓勵激活原有倡議，歡迎提出未來合作新倡議，促進商品、服務、資金和人員更為有效的流動，推動亞太經合組織合作取得新成就。藍圖視野廣闊，并將適應亞太不斷變化的形勢。

This Blueprint contains existing connectivity-related initiatives; encourages reviving those initiatives that require further progress; and, proposes future initiatives for more efficient flows of goods, services, capital and people to drive APEC progress. It is also broad in scope and adaptable to the ever-changing conditions in the Asia-Pacific.

我們期待藍圖為平衡、穩定、可持續和包容增長提供動力和支持，聯接本地區各增長極，并使亞太大家庭聯系更為緊密。

We envision this Blueprint accelerating and encouraging balanced, secure, sustainable and inclusive growth, as well as connecting growth poles in the region and bringing APEC closer together as a community.

硬件聯通

Physical Connectivity

硬件聯通涉及很多跨領域問題，我們將重點改善投資環境，通過公私伙伴合作關系及其他渠道加強亞太經合組織經濟體基礎設施融資。在評估基礎設施項目建議時，采用包含關鍵質量要素的綜合評估方式。在規劃和實施基礎設施項目時，加強運用良好實踐，倡導以人為本的投資。

Under Physical Connectivity, with regard to cross-sectoral issues, we will focus on improving the investment climate, enhancing infrastructure financing through public private partnerships (PPP) and other means in APEC economies; adopting comprehensive assessment methods that considers key quality elements in evaluation of infrastructure project proposals; and, enhancing the application of good practices and people-centered investment for planning and implementing infrastructure projects.

我們歡迎財長會機制在基礎設施公私伙伴合作關系領域為促進知識共享和能力建設所做的實質性工作。

We welcome the substantial work that has been done under the Finance Ministers' Process (FMP) to promote knowledge sharing and capacity building in the area of infrastructure PPPs.

我們高興地注意到，在財長會機制指導下，亞太經合組織公私伙伴合作關系專家咨詢小組已開始工作，并為印尼公私伙伴合作關系示范中心提供自愿協助。我們贊賞該小組協助亞太經合組織經濟體，推廣公私伙伴合作關系，為基礎設施建設提供私人融資，發揮技術庫功能，在本地區推廣良好實踐，并為有需要的發展中經濟體提供技術援助。

We are pleased to note that the APEC PPP Experts Advisory Panel has launched work under the FMP, which supports, on a voluntary basis, a Pilot PPP Center based in Indonesia. We note with appreciation the role of the Panel in helping APEC economies tap into private sector sources of funding for infrastructure development, particularly through promoting PPPs, by acting as a repository of skills that will bring to life good practices in the APEC region and that will help channel technical assistance to developing economies seeking such assistance.

我們承諾在亞太經合組織經濟體建立更多公私伙伴合作關系中心，組建公私伙伴合作關系中心區域網絡，分享良好實踐。從長遠看，這些中心將為建立亞太經合組織范圍內基礎設施融資市場發揮重要支持作用。我們歡迎《亞太經合組織基礎設施公私伙伴合作關系項目實施路線圖》和《通過公私伙伴合作關系促進基礎設施投資行動計劃》。

We commit to further establish dedicated PPP centers in APEC economies, with a view to developing a regional network of PPP centers to share good practices. In the longer term, these centers can play an important role in supporting the establishment of an APEC-wide market for infrastructure financing. We also welcome the Implementation Roadmap to Develop Successful Infrastructure PPP Projects in the APEC Region and the Action Agenda on Promoting Infrastructure Investment through PPP.

我們將建設、維護和更新高質量的基礎設施，包括能源、信息通信技術及交通運輸基礎設施。尋求提高亞太經合組織運輸網絡的質量和可持續性，進一步普及寬帶網絡，促進可持續能源安全，加強能源基礎設施的韌性。

We will develop, maintain and renew quality infrastructure, including energy, ICT and transport infrastructure and seek to increase the quality and sustainability of APEC transport networks; increase broadband internet access; promote sustainable energy security; and build resiliency into the energy infrastructure.

海上基礎設施建設多為單邊開發項目，我們將促進海上交通運輸的高效和有效運作。我們注意到已有一些“探路者”合作倡議，期待未來合作收到實效。

We will help facilitate the efficient and effective operation of maritime transportation and shipments, especially considering that a majority of maritime infrastructure development projects happen on a unilateral basis. We take note of several pathfinder initiatives where future cooperation could produce tangible results.

我們將加強航空運輸合作，增強貿易與人員交往聯通，并通過分享成功經驗和良好實踐提高航空互聯互通的效率和安全性。

We will strengthen air transportation cooperation to boost robust trade and people-to-people connections, share experiences and good practices to promote efficiency and security of air connectivity.

我們注意到，自1989年成立起，信息通信技術發展一直是亞太經合組織工作重點之一。加強信息共享，改善通訊技術，將使亞太人民之間、機構之間聯系更加快捷和可靠，促進貿易和經濟增長。我們決心繼續共同努力，利用現有技術縮小數字鴻溝，加強區域互聯互通，促進使用信息通訊技術資源。

We note that ICT development has been a focus of APEC's work since its inception in 1989, as increased information sharing and improved communication technology allow for faster and reliable connections between people and organizations throughout the Asia-Pacific, facilitating trade and economic growth. We resolve to continue our efforts jointly in enhancing the access to ICT resources by using available technologies to reduce digital divide and increase greater connectivity in the region.

我們決心挖掘亞太經合組織在發起未來能源合作倡議方面的巨大潛力，特別是在能源貿易和環境可持續性領域。亞太經合組織以非約束性方式探討拓展跨境能源貿易和可再生能源等理念。我們將進一步努力，確保所有經濟體享有高品質電力供應。

We resolve to tap into APEC's considerable potential in fostering future energy cooperation initiatives, especially in the areas of energy-related trade and environmental sustainability. APEC represents an ideal forum to explore this concept of expanded cross-border energy trade and renewable energy in a non-binding manner. We will further aspire to ensure quality electricity supply for all member economies.

軟件聯通

Institutional Connectivity

在軟件聯通領域，我們將采取共同行動，解決貿易便利化、結構和規制改革、交通及物流便利化等領域的重大問題。

Under Institutional Connectivity, we will strive to make progress in jointly addressing issues of trade facilitation, structural and regulatory reforms as well as transport and logistics facilitation, which are of critical importance to APEC as a regional forum.

我們致力于實現海關和邊境管理機構現代化，推進政府整體框架下的規制建設，包括加強監管、標準制定和貿易主管機構之間的協調溝通。

We aim to modernize customs and border agencies and enable a whole-of-government approach in the development of regulations, including coordination across regulatory, standards, and trade agencies.

我們支持亞太經合組織在各經濟體2020年建立“單一窗口”系統。我們鼓勵促進各“單一窗口”系統的相互適用和無紙化貿易。

We support APEC's work to encourage each member economy to develop its own Single Window system by 2020 and we encourage efforts to promote international interoperability between Single Window systems and paperless trading.

我們將進一步推動《亞太經合組織供應鏈聯通框架行動計劃》中提出的各項倡議，通過實施能力建設計劃，幫助經濟體克服《行動計劃》所提的8個阻塞點，系統提高供應鏈績效。

We will further strengthen the initiatives under the APEC Supply-Chain Connectivity Framework Action Plan (SCFAP) by systematically improving supply chain performance through implementing a capacity building plan to assist economies in overcoming specific obstacles within the eight chokepoints of the SCFAP.

在規制銜接領域，我們將通過分享最佳實踐和規制案例，實施規制合作有關倡議。我們注意到產業對話機制已在這一進程中取得顯著進展。互聯網是各經濟體實施良好規制實踐的有效工具（如保障內部規制工作協調，評估法規制度影響，以及開展公共咨詢等）。各經濟體將進一步探索利用互聯網手段，開展良好規制實踐，包括互聯網時代規制公共咨詢的倡議。

On regulatory coherence, we will implement initiatives that focus on regulatory cooperation through the sharing of best practices on regulatory issues. We note that industry dialogues are already well advanced in this process. The internet is a good and effective tool to help economies strengthen their implementation of good regulatory practices (e.g. ensuring internal coordination of regulatory work, assessing the impact of regulations, and conducting public consultations). Economies will further explore using internet-based tools to strengthen the implementation of good regulatory practices, including through the initiative on new actions APEC economies could take to strengthen the conduct of public consultations on proposed regulations in the Internet era.

在經濟結構改革領域，“亞太經合組織商業便利化多年期項目”為各經濟體開展因地制宜能力建設提供便利，幫助實現運營成本、速度、難度等商業便利化指標改善25%的意向性目標。為實現上述目標，我們致力于推動自身政策與現有國際條約一致化，并同意考慮將商業便利化工作延續至2020年。

Under structural reform, the APEC Ease of Doing Business (EoDB) Multi-Year Project (MYP) facilitates tailored capacity building activities to support economies in achieving the aspirational target of making it 25% cheaper, faster, and easier to do business. We aim to achieve these goals by harmonizing local policies with existing international agreements, and agree to consider the continuation of our work on the EoDB until 2020.

我們承諾在亞太培育透明、可靠、公平競爭和運作良好的市場，包括電子商務領域。我們致力于在2025年前擴展安全可靠的信息通信技術和商務環境。

We commit to fostering transparency, safety, competition and better functioning markets, including e-commerce, in the Asia Pacific and aim to expand the application of secure and trusted ICT and e-commerce environment by 2025.

亞太經合組織需要制定應對“中等收入陷阱”的戰略。提高競爭力和生產力水平，完善監管體系，促進商業便利化等，將有助于部分解決“中等收入陷阱”問題。

APEC needs to build a strategy to tackle the policy challenges raised by the Middle-Income Trap (MIT). Improving an economy's competitiveness, productivity levels and its regulatory environment for the ease of doing business can contribute to overcoming some of the issues that underpin the MIT.

人員交往互聯互通

People-to-people Connectivity

在此方面，我們致力于便利人員跨境流動和創新理念交流。在這一支柱下將討論商務旅行、跨境教育、旅游便利化和專業技術人才流動等問題。

Under People-to-People Connectivity, we will strive to facilitate the movement of people across borders, and to facilitate the exchange of innovative ideas. As such, issues of business travel mobility, cross-border education, tourism facilitation, and skilled labor mobility will be addressed under this pillar.

我們承諾繼續擴大亞太經合組織商務旅行卡持有者數量，提高旅行卡效用和效率。

We commit to continue expanding the number of holders of the APEC Business Travel Card (ABTC) and to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of ABTC scheme.

我們承諾推進跨境教育合作，認識到學生、研究人員、教育提供者的流動有助于加強區域聯系，促進人文交流，并通過知識和技能的傳播推動經濟發展。我們決定在2020年前實現亞太經合組織范圍內跨境學生交流每年100萬人的目標，并增加赴發展中經濟體留學的學生數量。

We undertake to improve cross-border education (CBE) cooperation, in recognition that student, academic and provider mobility helps to strengthen regional ties, facilitate people-to-people exchanges and promote economic development through knowledge and skills transfer. We resolve to achieve one million intra-APEC student exchanges per year by 2020, and to increase the number of student exchanges to developing economies.

旅游業是亞太經合組織經濟增長戰略的重要組成部分，亞太經合組織域內已實施了眾多旅游便利化倡議。我們歡迎部分經濟體放寬游客簽證限制以及簡化通關程序的內部舉措。

Tourism is an important part of APEC economic growth strategies, and this is reflected in the many tourism facilitation and promotion initiatives that have been implemented within the APEC region. In this regard, we welcome domestic efforts by several economies to implement measures to ease visa restrictions for tourists as well as initiate programs to facilitate immigration processing.

我們將努力在2025年前實現亞太經合組織地區接待游客人數達到8億人次的目標。為減少游客旅游成本和旅游不穩定因素，我們承諾制定“亞太經合組織區域旅游從業者行為規范”。

We will make efforts to achieve 800 million APEC tourist arrivals by 2025, and commit to establishing an APEC-wide Code of Conduct for Travel Providers in order to reduce travelers' costs and uncertainties relating to tourism.

我們將加強亞太經合組織文化交流活動，力爭在2017年前實現每個亞太經合組織經濟體在其他經濟體每年至少舉辦一場文化推廣活動。

We will intensify cooperation within APEC in promoting cultural exchanges, by aiming to hold at least one cultural awareness event by each APEC economy in every other APEC economy per year by 2017.

我們決定推進跨境科技和創新交流工作。我們贊賞每年一度的“亞太經合組織創新、研究與教育科學獎”。這個獎項授予同其他亞太經合組織經濟體科學家開展合作、并展現出卓越科研品質的年輕科學家。

We resolve to advance work on cross-border science, technology, and innovation exchanges. We note with appreciation the annual APEC Science Prize for Innovation, Research and Education (ASPIRE) which recognizes young scientists who have demonstrated cooperation with scientists from other APEC member economies, as well as a commitment to excellence in scientific research.

在專業技術人才流動領域，我們歡迎設立交通和物流行業專業資質認定標準的倡議，更精確評估來自其他亞太經合組織經濟體專業技術人才的技能水平。亞太經合組織未來可在目前已有各類雙邊資質互認協議基礎上，增加域內雙、多邊互認協議數量。職業技能和資質互認對促進專業技術人才流動具有重要作用。為加強政策應對的針對性，有必要收集和分析技能差異和勞動力市場失衡方面及時而準確的信息。

On professional and skilled labor mobility, we welcome initiatives to benchmark qualifications in the transport and logistics industry, allowing businesses within the region to have more certainty over the skill sets of workers from other economies. There are various bilateral Mutual Recognition Agreements (MRAs), and going forward, APEC can undertake work to help expand the number of bilateral and multilateral MRAs in the region. Mutual recognition of skills and credentials can play an important role in facilitating skilled labor mobility. Timely and accurate information on skills gaps and labor market imbalances will also need to be gathered and analyzed to ensure responsive policymaking in this area.

我們承諾通過人力資源開發加強人員交往互聯互通，支持《亞太經合組織通過人力資源開發提高就業質量，加強人員交往互聯互通工作計劃》。

We commit to strengthen people-to-people connectivity through human resources development and welcome the APEC Action Plan for Promoting Quality Employment and Strengthening People-to-People Connectivity through Human Resources Development.

實施戰略：能力建設和私營部門合作

Strategies for Implementation: Capacity Building and Private Sector Cooperation

經濟技術合作旨在縮小亞太經合組織發達和發展中經濟體的差距，是亞太經合組織核心支柱之一。為促進互聯互通議程實施，我們將開展提高能力和加強機制建設的經濟技術合作，為亞太經合組織經濟體提供相關能力建設項目，并堅持經濟技術合作的關鍵目標。因此，經濟技術合作是落實藍圖的重要手段。

Economic and technical cooperation (ECOTECH) is one of the key pillars of APEC, focusing on narrowing the gap between developed and developing APEC economies. To help implement the connectivity agenda, we direct ECOTECH activities at upgrading skills and institutions by providing relevant capacity building activities for APEC economies and adhering to key ECOTECH objectives. In this regard, ECOTECH is an important tool for implementing the Blueprint.

提出和實施互聯互通合作倡議，需要掌握關于各經濟體需求、期待、差距以及市場導向、失衡等方面的大量信息。基礎設施需要何類項目、機制框架存在何種不足、勞動力市場缺乏何種人才等信息，對幫助各經濟體實現互聯互通目標至關重要。

The development and implementation of connectivity initiatives will require a significant amount of information on economies' needs, expectations, gaps, and on market direction and imbalances. Information on what infrastructure projects are needed, what gaps exist in institutional frameworks, and where skills imbalances lay in the labor market will be crucial to support economies in achieving connectivity targets.

各經濟體應與私營部門合作搜集有關信息。亞太經合組織工商咨詢理事會、政策伙伴關系機制和產業對話機制在這方面可作出重要貢獻，提供私營部門關于市場需求、趨勢和期待的信息和見解。

To gather this information, economies should work with the private sector. In this regard, the APEC Business Advisory Council (ABAC) and APEC's policy partnerships and industry dialogues can contribute significantly by providing private sector feedback or insight on market needs, trends and expectations.

我們敦促私營部門在亞太經合組織工商咨詢理事會協調下，為本地區開展更為市場化的互聯互通倡議提供直接支持。除通過公私伙伴合作關系參與基礎設施項目外，私營部門還可為能力建設、教育和文化交流等項目提供支持。私營部門也可在互聯互通創新方面發揮作用。

We urge the private sector, with coordination from ABAC, to provide direct support for many of the more bankable connectivity initiatives being undertaken in the region. In addition to PPP for infrastructure projects, the private sector could help support capacity building programs as well as educational and cultural exchanges. The private sector could also help in proposing and producing connectivity-enhancing innovations in the region.

其他國際組織在亞太硬件、軟件和人文交往互聯互通方面已提出倡議并實施項目。這些努力有助于推進藍圖實施。在可能并且合適的情況下，亞太經合組織應尋求與有關國際組織加強協調與合作，避免重復勞動。

International organizations have taken initiatives and launched projects on physical, institutional and people-to-people connectivity in the Asia-Pacific. These efforts could help advance the implementation of this Blueprint, and where possible and appropriate APEC should look to coordinate and collaborate with these organizations to ensure we avoid duplication of efforts.

監督、評估及審議

Monitoring, Evaluation and Review

為完成各方共同確立的2025年倡議和指標，加強硬件、軟件和人員交往互聯互通，實現無縫、全面聯接和融合亞太的遠景目標，我們指示部長和高官每年對藍圖落實情況進行監督，特別是審議有關目標和任務的進展情況。

In order to reach the overarching goal of strengthening physical, institutional, and people-to-people connectivity by taking agreed actions and meeting agreed targets by 2025, with the objective of achieving a seamless and comprehensively connected and integrated Asia Pacific, we instruct Ministers and Senior Officials to oversee the implementation of the Blueprint on a yearly basis, particularly in reviewing the targets and objectives.

我們指示部長和高官作出專門安排和規定，對藍圖落實情況進行監督、評估和審議，并在2020年對藍圖進行中期審評。我們指示部長和高官與亞太經合組織各工作機制共同努力，在互聯互通三大支柱下提出更多富有雄心的量化合作倡議和目標。這些倡議和目標應具有前瞻性，并服務于2025年亞太經合組織互聯互通遠景目標。

We direct Ministers and Senior Officials to develop a dedicated arrangement to monitor, review and evaluate the implementation of the Blueprint, and to conduct a mid-term review of the Blueprint in 2020. We further direct Ministers and Senior Officials to work with APEC fora to develop additional ambitious and measurable actions and targets under each of the connectivity pillars. These actions and targets need to be forward-looking and directed towards the vision of APEC Connectivity in 2025.

（來源：新華網，編輯 Helen）