8. Some Egyptian doctors had specialized fields of study.
部分古埃及醫(yī)生早已開始細(xì)化醫(yī)學(xué)研究

An ancient physician was usually a jack-of-all-trades, but evidence shows that Egyptian doctors sometimes focused on healing only one part of the human body.
一般來說，古代的內(nèi)科醫(yī)師都是雜家，但有史料表明，在埃及，部分醫(yī)師有時(shí)只專門治療身體某部位的疾病。

This early form of medical specialization was first noted in 450 B.C. by the traveler and historian Herodotus. Discussing Egyptian medicine, he wrote, “Each physician is a healer of one disease and no more…some of the eye, some of the teeth, some of what pertains to the belly.”
早在公元前450年，希羅多德，古希臘著名旅行家、歷史學(xué)家，他首次發(fā)現(xiàn)了這種醫(yī)學(xué)分科細(xì)化的早期形式。關(guān)于埃及醫(yī)學(xué)，他寫道：“每位醫(yī)師只專注于治療一種疾病，僅限于一種......有人治療眼睛疾病，有人治療牙齒，有人研究肚子里的器官。”

These specialists even had specific names. Dentists were known as “doctors of the tooth,” while the term for proctologists literally translates to “shepherd of the anus.”
這些專家還有專業(yè)的名字。如牙醫(yī)被稱為“牙齒專用醫(yī)師”，直腸科醫(yī)師的名稱字面意思就是“肛門的看管者”。