國(guó)際奧委會(huì)近日決定禁止俄羅斯參加2018年韓國(guó)平昌冬奧會(huì)，但能夠自證清白的俄羅斯運(yùn)動(dòng)員可以允許以中立身份參賽。這些清白的參賽運(yùn)動(dòng)員將被稱為“來(lái)自俄羅斯的奧林匹克運(yùn)動(dòng)員”，在平昌冬奧會(huì)上，伴隨他們出現(xiàn)的將是國(guó)際奧委會(huì)會(huì)旗、國(guó)際奧委會(huì)會(huì)歌，運(yùn)動(dòng)員獲得的任何獎(jiǎng)牌都不屬于俄羅斯。

2017年10月31日，2018平昌冬奧會(huì)圣火交接儀式在希臘首都雅典的泛雅典體育場(chǎng)舉行。 新華社照片（馬里奧斯·羅洛斯攝）

Russia has been banned from competing at next year's Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang by the International Olympic Committee.
國(guó)際奧委會(huì)近日決定，禁止俄羅斯參加將于2018年在韓國(guó)平昌舉行的冬奧會(huì)。

But Russian athletes who can prove they are clean would be allowed to compete in South Korea under a neutral flag.
但能“自證清白”的俄羅斯運(yùn)動(dòng)員可以以中立身份參賽。

It follows an investigation into allegations of state-sponsored doping at the 2014 Games hosted by Russia in Sochi.
此前，國(guó)際奧委會(huì)曾針對(duì)2014年索契冬奧會(huì)期間俄羅斯國(guó)家層面資助的選手涉嫌服用禁藥事件進(jìn)行調(diào)查。

The decision has been widely condemned in Russia, with some politicians urging a boycott of the Games, though other officials have welcomed the chance for 'clean' athletes to take part.
這一決定在俄羅斯國(guó)內(nèi)遭到廣泛指責(zé)，一些政客呼吁抵制冬奧會(huì)，但也有一些官員對(duì)把參賽機(jī)會(huì)留給“清白”運(yùn)動(dòng)員表示歡迎。

The Russian Olympic Committee (ROC) has been suspended but the IOC said it will invite Russian clean athletes to compete in February under the name 'Olympic Athlete from Russia' (OAR).
俄羅斯奧委會(huì)被禁止參賽，但國(guó)際奧委會(huì)表示，將邀請(qǐng)俄羅斯的“清白”運(yùn)動(dòng)員在明年2月以“來(lái)自俄羅斯的奧林匹克運(yùn)動(dòng)員”身份參加平昌冬奧會(huì)。

為什么俄羅斯被禁止參賽？

2016年5月，俄羅斯前反興奮劑實(shí)驗(yàn)室主任羅琴科夫（Grigoory Rodchenkov）向《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》爆料，在2014年索契冬奧會(huì)期間，俄羅斯政府展開了興奮劑計(jì)劃，反興奮劑專家和情報(bào)人員將服用過(guò)藥物的運(yùn)動(dòng)員尿樣換成幾個(gè)月前采集的沒有問題的尿樣。

This entire investigation was instigated by whistleblowing doctor Grigory Rodchenkov, who was director of Russia's anti-doping laboratory during Sochi 2014.
2014年索契冬奧會(huì)期間俄羅斯反興奮劑實(shí)驗(yàn)室主管羅琴科夫曝光了興奮劑事件，隨后國(guó)際奧委會(huì)開始展開調(diào)查。

He alleged the country ran a systematic program of doping and claimed he had created substances to enhance athletes' performances and switched urine samples to avoid detection.
羅琴科夫聲稱，俄羅斯運(yùn)動(dòng)員在國(guó)家的系統(tǒng)性規(guī)劃下服用興奮劑，并表示他還曾親自上陣發(fā)明興奮劑類物質(zhì)，提高運(yùn)動(dòng)員的賽場(chǎng)表現(xiàn)，并參與偷換尿樣，以防止被發(fā)覺。

第22屆冬季奧運(yùn)會(huì)開幕式在俄羅斯索契的菲施特奧林匹克體育場(chǎng)舉行。 這是吉祥物亮相開幕式現(xiàn)場(chǎng)。 新華社記者龔兵攝

“他們用某種辦法搞定了那些在國(guó)際賽事中常用的、據(jù)信可以防止掉包的尿檢瓶。每天晚上，他們都要在只點(diǎn)著一盞燈的昏暗實(shí)驗(yàn)室里忙好幾個(gè)小時(shí)，通過(guò)墻壁上巴掌大的一個(gè)小洞傳遞尿檢瓶，以便為第二天的測(cè)試做好準(zhǔn)備。”

最終俄羅斯在該屆冬奧會(huì)成為獲得獎(jiǎng)牌數(shù)最多的國(guó)家，超過(guò)美國(guó)、加拿大和挪威等主要競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手。據(jù)羅琴科夫估計(jì)，被銷毀的含有違禁成分的尿液最多達(dá)100份。

事情爆出后，和羅琴科夫關(guān)系密切的兩位反興奮劑部門的官員相繼死亡，羅琴科夫?yàn)榘踩紤]，移居美國(guó)洛杉磯，目前受到聯(lián)邦當(dāng)局的保護(hù)。

俄羅斯多次否認(rèn)國(guó)家資助興奮劑計(jì)劃，指責(zé)羅琴科夫是“流氓員工”，要求將他引渡回國(guó)。

The World Anti Doping Agency (Wada) enlisted the services of Canadian law professor and sports lawyer Dr Richard McLaren to look into the allegations.
國(guó)際反禁藥機(jī)構(gòu)聘請(qǐng)了加拿大法律教授和體育律師理查德-麥克拉倫來(lái)調(diào)查這一指控。

The McLaren report concluded 1,000 athletes across 30 sports benefitted from the doping program between 2012 and 2015.
《麥克拉倫報(bào)告》最后的結(jié)論稱，在2012年至2015年間，有1000名運(yùn)動(dòng)員涉嫌服用禁藥，涉及30個(gè)運(yùn)動(dòng)項(xiàng)目。

Wada obtained what it said was a Russian laboratory database which it felt corroborated McLaren's conclusions, while re-testing of Russian athletes' samples resulted in a host of retrospective bans and stripping of medals.
國(guó)際反禁藥機(jī)構(gòu)還獲得了俄羅斯實(shí)驗(yàn)室數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)資料，認(rèn)為其證實(shí)了報(bào)告結(jié)論。針對(duì)俄羅斯運(yùn)動(dòng)員尿樣的復(fù)檢導(dǎo)致大批運(yùn)動(dòng)員被可追溯性禁賽，獎(jiǎng)牌也被取消。

俄羅斯作何反應(yīng)？

President of the ROC, Alexander Zhukov, said there was positive and negative news from the IOC's decision.
俄羅斯奧委會(huì)主席朱可夫說(shuō)，這一決定喜憂參半。

He welcomed the invitation for clean athletes to compete in South Korea but does not agree with the ruling that they must compete under a neutral flag.
他對(duì)邀請(qǐng)清白運(yùn)動(dòng)員參賽的決定表示歡迎，但不同意他們必須以中立身份參賽的規(guī)定。

Russian politicians and athletes were united in their condemnation of the IOC decision.
俄羅斯政客和運(yùn)動(dòng)員都對(duì)國(guó)際奧委會(huì)的決定表示譴責(zé)。

The deputy chairman of Russian parliament's defence committee, Frants Klintsevich, said Russian athletes should not take part in the Olympics in 2018 if they are not allowed to compete under the national flag.
俄羅斯參議院國(guó)防委員會(huì)副主席弗朗茨?克萊琴謝夫表示，如果不能亮出自己國(guó)家的國(guó)旗，那么俄羅斯運(yùn)動(dòng)員就不應(yīng)該參加平昌冬奧會(huì)。

"I don't know what Russia's decision will be in the end, but in my view, a great power can't go 'incognito' to the Olympics," state-owned RIA Novosti news agency reported him saying.
他對(duì)俄羅斯新聞社說(shuō)：“我不知道國(guó)家最后怎么決定，但在我看來(lái)，強(qiáng)大的俄羅斯不能匿名參賽。”

2016年和2017年女子花樣滑冰世界冠軍、俄羅斯運(yùn)動(dòng)員梅德韋杰娃（Evgenia Medvedeva）是本屆冬奧會(huì)金牌強(qiáng)有力的爭(zhēng)奪者。據(jù)俄羅斯媒體報(bào)道，她出席了今天的會(huì)議，并稱如果不能代表俄羅斯，將放棄參加奧運(yùn)會(huì)。

Russian bobsleigh federation president Alexander Zubkov said on Tuesday he was "shocked" by the decision.
俄羅斯雪橇聯(lián)合會(huì)主席亞力山大-祖布科夫周二表示，他對(duì)（國(guó)際奧委會(huì)）這一決定感到“震驚”。

Zubkov was stripped last month of the two gold medals he won at the 2014 Sochi Games and banned from the Olympics for life over alleged doping violations.
因違反禁藥規(guī)定，祖布科夫上月被取消在2014索契冬奧會(huì)上獲得的兩枚金牌，并被終身禁止參加奧運(yùn)會(huì)。

Russian state broadcaster VGTRK has said it will not broadcast the winter Olympic games if the Russian team is not participating.
全俄國(guó)家電視廣播公司表示，如果沒有俄羅斯隊(duì)參賽，將不轉(zhuǎn)播平昌冬奧會(huì)。

沒有俄羅斯隊(duì)的冬奧會(huì)是怎樣一種體驗(yàn)？

俄羅斯是冰雪運(yùn)動(dòng)傳統(tǒng)強(qiáng)國(guó)。2014年索契冬奧會(huì)上，借助天時(shí)、地利、人和的優(yōu)勢(shì)，俄羅斯代表團(tuán)在家門口坐上金牌榜頭把交椅。

The Olympics ban for Russia, who had finished top of the Sochi 2014 medal table, could potentially leave opportunities for gold, silver and bronze open to several other nations.
俄羅斯隊(duì)在2014年索契冬奧會(huì)獎(jiǎng)牌榜上排名居首。如果平昌的賽場(chǎng)上沒有俄羅斯隊(duì)，其他幾個(gè)冰雪運(yùn)動(dòng)強(qiáng)國(guó)的摘牌機(jī)會(huì)將大增。

It is not yet clear how many Russian athletes, if any, will seek to compete under a neutral flag.
現(xiàn)在還不知道會(huì)有多少俄羅斯運(yùn)動(dòng)員（如果真有的話）會(huì)以中立身份參賽。

目前多名俄羅斯運(yùn)動(dòng)員明確表示將向國(guó)際體育仲裁院（Court of Arbitration for Sport）提起訴訟。

英文來(lái)源：BBC
翻譯&編審：yaning