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A panel of scientists examined the mystery of what happens when hearts throb and lips lock. Kissing, it turns out, unleashes chemicals that ease stress hormones in both sexes and encourage bonding in men, though not so much in women.
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"Chemistry look what you've done to me," Donna Summer crooned in Science of Love, and so, it seems, she was right.
A panel of scientists examined the mystery of what happens when hearts throb and lips lock. Kissing, it turns out, unleashes chemicals that ease stress hormones in both sexes and encourage bonding in men, though not so much in women.
Chemicals in the saliva may be a way to assess a mate, Wendy Hill, dean of the faculty and a professor of neuroscience at Lafayette College, told a meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science on Friday.
In an experiment, Hill explained, pairs of heterosexual college students who kissed for 15 minutes while listening to music experienced significant changes in their levels of the chemicals oxytocin, which affects pair bonding, and cortisol, which is associated with stress. Their blood and saliva levels of the chemicals were compared before and after the kiss.
Both men and women had a decline in cortisol after smooching, an indication their stress levels declined.
For men, oxytocin levels increased, indicating more interest in bonding, while oxytocin levels went down in women. "This was a surprise," Hill said.
In a test group that merely held hands, chemical changes were similar, but much less pronounced, she said.
The experiment was conducted in a student health center, Hill noted. She plans a repeat "in a more romantic setting."
Hill spoke at the session on the Science of Kissing, along with Helen Fisher of Rutgers University and Donald Lateiner of Ohio Wesleyan University.
Fisher noted that more than 90 percent of human societies practice kissing, which she believes has three components -- the sex drive, romantic love and attachment.
Men tend to think of kissing as a prelude to copulation, Fisher said. She noted that men prefer "sloppy" kisses, in which chemicals including testosterone can be passed on to the women in saliva. Testosterone increases the sex drive in both males and females.
"When you kiss an enormous part of your brain becomes active," she added. Romantic love can last a long time, "if you kiss the right person."
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(Agencies)
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堂娜?薩莫在《愛(ài)情的科學(xué)》中唱道：“你對(duì)我所做的一切似乎都是化學(xué)作用。”現(xiàn)在看來(lái)，她是對(duì)的。
日前，一組科學(xué)研究人員探究了接吻的奧秘。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，接吻會(huì)使人體產(chǎn)生能夠降低男女雙方壓力激素的化學(xué)物質(zhì)，并能增強(qiáng)男性的親密感——不過(guò)這一效果在女性身上并不明顯。
拉斐特學(xué)院神經(jīng)科學(xué)系主任、溫迪?希爾教授在上周五召開(kāi)的“美國(guó)科學(xué)進(jìn)步協(xié)會(huì)”的研討會(huì)上稱，唾液中的化學(xué)物質(zhì)可能是人們?cè)u(píng)價(jià)伴侶的一種途徑。
希爾解釋說(shuō)，在一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)中，研究人員讓大學(xué)生異性情侶在聽(tīng)音樂(lè)的同時(shí)接吻15分鐘，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)這些情侶體內(nèi)的催產(chǎn)素（oxytocin）和考的索（cortisol）兩種化學(xué)物質(zhì)水平發(fā)生了明顯變化。“催產(chǎn)素”是一種影響男女之間親密感的激素，而考的索則與壓力水平有關(guān)。研究人員對(duì)這些情侶接吻前后血液和唾液中所含的這兩種化學(xué)物質(zhì)的水平進(jìn)行了對(duì)比。
研究結(jié)果顯示，接吻后男性和女性體內(nèi)的考的索水平都出現(xiàn)了下降，這表明他們的壓力水平有所降低。
同時(shí)，男性體內(nèi)的催產(chǎn)素水平上升，這表明他們對(duì)親密的渴望增強(qiáng)，而女性體內(nèi)的催產(chǎn)素水平則有所下降。希爾說(shuō)，“這很奇怪”。
她說(shuō)，從只發(fā)生牽手行為的控制小組的試驗(yàn)結(jié)果看，研究對(duì)象體內(nèi)同樣也發(fā)生了化學(xué)變化，但不如接吻后的變化那么明顯。
希爾介紹說(shuō)，該試驗(yàn)在一個(gè)學(xué)生健康中心進(jìn)行。她打算在“更加浪漫的環(huán)境中”再做一次試驗(yàn)。
希爾在研討會(huì)的“接吻科學(xué)”會(huì)議上作了發(fā)言，同時(shí)發(fā)言的還有羅格斯大學(xué)的海倫?費(fèi)舍爾和俄亥俄州衛(wèi)斯理大學(xué)的唐納德?拉特納。
費(fèi)舍爾指出，超過(guò)90%的人類社會(huì)有接吻行為，她認(rèn)為接吻有三個(gè)要素，即性沖動(dòng)、浪漫的愛(ài)情和彼此的依戀。
費(fèi)舍爾說(shuō)，男性傾向于將接吻視為做愛(ài)的前奏。她說(shuō)男性喜歡“濕吻”，這種接吻方式會(huì)將含有睪丸激素的化學(xué)物質(zhì)通過(guò)唾液傳給女性。而睪丸激素會(huì)增強(qiáng)男女雙方的性沖動(dòng)。
她說(shuō)：“人在接吻時(shí)，大腦的很大一部分會(huì)活躍起來(lái)。”浪漫的愛(ài)情能持久，“如果你吻對(duì)了人”。
（英語(yǔ)點(diǎn)津姍姍編輯）
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