www射-国产免费一级-欧美福利-亚洲成人福利-成人一区在线观看-亚州成人

US EUROPE AFRICA ASIA 中文
Opinion / Op-Ed Contributors

How urbanization can help the poor

By Bert Hofman (China Daily) Updated: 2014-04-17 07:13

Second, by reforming the hukou system, China could increase productivity of its labor force, accelerate urbanization and reduce income inequality. Despite rapid urbanization, China's urban population is still lower than the country's development level would suggest. Moreover, one-third of city dwellers do not have urban hukou, and they and their families have limited access to public services. The hukou system effectively discourages migration to cities, holding back China's transformation and keeping too many people working the land in agriculture, which keeps agricultural labor productivity and wages low.

There indeed are bottlenecks in service delivery in Chinese cities. But in the past, rapidly urbanizing countries such as Japan and South Korea did manage to expand public services without restricting people's mobility. The World Bank-DRC report says China could do the same by linking public services to an individual's place of residence rather than his/her place of origin. Making it easier to migrate would not just provide more people with better job opportunities in cities, it would also accelerate agricultural transformation, as fewer workers on the land will require new techniques that increase labor productivity and wages of those that decide to stay.

Finally, when migrants' children can join their parents in cities and get good education, it will create for them better opportunities to escape poverty.

To enable land and hukou reforms, China first has to comprehensively reform its fiscal system. With stronger land rights for farmers, cities would lose the revenues from land conversion. At the same time, providing more and better public services to migrants will cost them more than before. So cities will need new revenue sources. The best sources of revenue for local governments are those that are imposed on people that reap the benefits from cities - and a property tax or a local surcharge on personal income taxes would fit the bill.

Moreover, environmental charges and levies, such as higher motor vehicle license fees, pollution charges and higher cost recovery on utilities will not only raise more revenue, it can also address urban environmental problems.

More efficient, compact cities can also yield major savings. At the current rate, China's cities will spend about $5.3 trillion on infrastructure over the next 15 years. But with more efficient, denser cities, China can save some $1.4 trillion on infrastructure spending - or 15 percent of last year's GDP. This could be used to finance the expansion of healthcare, education and low-income housing that migrants need to settle in cities.

Making the shift from physical expansion of cities and infrastructure to delivering services to Chinese citizens will truly be the people-oriented urbanization the authorities are looking for, and China's poor will stand to gain most from that shift.

The author is the World Bank chief economist for the East Asia and Pacific Region.

(China Daily 04/17/2014 page9)

Previous Page 1 2 Next Page

Most Viewed Today's Top News
New type of urbanization is in the details
...
主站蜘蛛池模板: 久久伊人男人的天堂网站 | 91精品乱码一区二区三区 | 亚洲在线视频一区 | 亚洲成人在线播放视频 | 手机看片1024欧美日韩你懂的 | 欧美成人一级片 | 亚洲gogo人体大胆西西安徽 | 深夜爽爽爽gif福利免费 | 中文字幕一区二区视频 | 中国国产一级毛片视频 | 毛片手机在线 | 欧美精品aaa久久久影院 | 亚洲精品美女在线观看播放 | 日韩国产午夜一区二区三区 | 国产高清一级毛片在线不卡 | 久久婷婷影院 | 国产成人精品一区二区免费 | 国产精品合集一区二区 | 国产免费人成在线看视频 | 99久久伊人一区二区yy5099 | 亚洲人成人毛片无遮挡 | 亚洲羞羞裸色私人影院 | 一级做a爱过程免费视频时看 | 一级在线免费视频 | 99精品视频在线在线视频观看 | 亚洲精彩视频在线观看 | 久久精品视频一区 | www国产视频| 欧美成人午夜片一一在线观看 | 国产欧美17694免费观看视频 | 欧美色xxx| 国产无限制自拍 | 香港三级日本三级三级人妇 | 欧美一级片a | 国产日韩精品视频 | 一级做a爰片久久毛片看看 一级做a爰片久久毛片鸭王 | 欧美日韩国产人成在线观看 | 美女拍拍拍爽爽爽爽爽爽 | 国产男女在线观看 | 欧美激情视频在线观看一区二区三区 | 亚洲精品区一区二区三区四 |