www射-国产免费一级-欧美福利-亚洲成人福利-成人一区在线观看-亚州成人

   

Scientists drug-test whole cities

(AP)
Updated: 2007-08-22 09:08

WASHINGTON -- Researchers have figured out how to give an entire community a drug test using just a teaspoon of wastewater from a city's sewer plant.

The test wouldn't be used to finger any single person as a drug user. But it would help federal law enforcement and other agencies track the spread of dangerous drugs, like methamphetamines, across the country.

Oregon State University scientists tested 10 unnamed American cities for remnants of drugs, both legal and illegal, from wastewater streams. They were able to show that they could get a good snapshot of what people are taking.

"It's a community urinalysis," said Caleb Banta-Green, a University of Washington drug abuse researcher who was part of the Oregon State team. The scientists presented their results Tuesday at a meeting of the American Chemical Society in Boston.

Two federal agencies have taken samples from US waterways to see if drug testing a whole city is doable, but they haven't gotten as far as the Oregon researchers.

One of the early results of the new study showed big differences in methamphetamine use city to city. One urban area with a gambling industry had meth levels more than five times higher than other cities. Yet methamphetamine levels were virtually nonexistent in some smaller Midwestern locales, said Jennifer Field, the lead researcher and a professor of environmental toxicology at Oregon State.

The ingredient Americans consume and excrete the most was caffeine, Field said.

Cities in the experiment ranged from 17,000 to 600,000 in population, but Field declined to identify them, saying that could harm her relationship with the sewage plant operators.

She plans to start a survey for drugs in the wastewater of at least 40 Oregon communities.

The science behind the testing is simple. Nearly every drug - legal and illicit - that people take leaves the body. That waste goes into toilets and then into wastewater treatment plants.

"Wastewater facilities are wonderful places to understand what humans consume and excrete," Field said.

In the study presented Tuesday, one teaspoon of untreated sewage water from each of the cities was tested for 15 different drugs. Field said researchers can't calculate how many people in a town are using drugs.

She said that one fairly affluent community scored low for illicit drugs except for cocaine. Cocaine and ecstasy tended to peak on weekends and drop on weekdays, she said, while methamphetamine and prescription drugs were steady throughout the week.

Field said her study suggests that a key tool currently used by drug abuse researchers - self-reported drug questionnaires - underestimates drug use.

"We have so few indicators of current use," said Jane Maxwell of the Addiction Research Institute at the University of Texas, who wasn't part of the study. "This could be a very interesting new indicator."

David Murray, chief scientist for US Office of National Drug Control Policy, said the idea interests his agency.

Murray said the US Environmental Protection Agency is testing federal wastewater samples just to see if that's a good method for monitoring drug use. But he didn't know how many tests were conducted or where.

The EPA will "flush out the details" on testing, Benjamin Grumbles joked. The EPA assistant administrator said the agency is already looking at the problem of potential harm to rivers and lakes from legal pharmaceuticals.

The idea of testing on a citywide basis for drugs makes sense, as long as it doesn't violate people's privacy, said Tom Angell of the Students for Sensible Drug Policy, a Washington-based group that wants looser drug laws.

"This seems to be less offensive than individualized testing," he said.



Top World News  
Today's Top News  
Most Commented/Read Stories in 48 Hours
主站蜘蛛池模板: 日本b站一卡二卡乱码入口 日本s色大片在线观看 | 99久久免费观看 | 国产精品亚洲精品日韩已方 | 亚洲aⅴ男人的天堂在线观看 | 怡红院在线视频观看 | 香港经典毛片a免费观看 | 成人久久免费视频 | 日本阿v视频在线观看高清 日本波多野结衣视频 | 成人手机视频在线观看 | 国内精品国语自产拍在线观看55 | 婷婷久久久五月综合色 | 99久久精品免费看国产高清 | 正在播放国产大学生情侣 | 中文字幕视频在线 | 日本理论片免费高清影视在线观看 | 台湾三级香港三级在线理论 | 国产福利一区二区在线精品 | 国产在线精品一区二区高清不卡 | 欧美国产精品久久 | 国产日韩欧美视频 | 精品国产一区二区三区国产馆 | 超清首页 国产 亚洲 丝袜 | 日韩中文字幕免费 | 精品视频在线一区 | 国产成人高清视频在线观看免费97 | 在线观看免费国产成人软件 | 一级黄色免费网站 | 日本一线a视频免费观看 | 久久频这里精品99香蕉久网址 | 国产日韩精品视频 | 一级欧美毛片成人 | 欧美色道 | 欧美a级毛片 | 亚洲一级视频在线观看 | 久久96国产精品久久久 | 成人综合在线视频免费观看 | 欧美成人性生活视频 | 亚洲激情 欧美 | 国产欧美日韩三级 | 免费国产综合视频在线看 | 亚洲成在人线久久综合 |