www射-国产免费一级-欧美福利-亚洲成人福利-成人一区在线观看-亚州成人

English 中文網(wǎng) 漫畫網(wǎng) 愛新聞iNews 翻譯論壇
中國網(wǎng)站品牌欄目(頻道)
當前位置: Language Tips > 雙語新聞

美華盛頓州花六年使法律“中性化”
Wash. state considers gender-neutral language bill

[ 2013-02-05 08:56] 來源:中國日報網(wǎng)     字號 [] [] []  
免費訂閱30天China Daily雙語新聞手機報:移動用戶編輯短信CD至106580009009

美華盛頓州花六年使法律“中性化”

Kyle Thiessen, the state of Washington's code reviser, looks at a shelf of pending legislation in his office, Wednesday, Jan. 30, 2013 at the Capitol in Olympia, Wash.

In Washington state, dairymen, freshmen and even penmanship could soon be things of the past.

Over the past six years, state officials have engaged in the onerous task of changing the language used in the state's copious laws, including thousands of words and phrases, many written more than a century ago when the idea of women working on police forces or on fishing boats wasn't a consideration.

That process is slated to draw to a close this year. So while the state has already welcomed "firefighters," "clergy" and "police officers" into its lexicon, "ombuds" (in place of ombudsman) and "security guards" (previously "watchmen,") appear to be next, along with "dairy farmers," "first-year students" and "handwriting."

"Some people would say 'oh, it's not a big thing, do you really have to go through the process of changing the language,'" said Seattle Councilmember Sally Clark who was one of the catalysts for the change. "But language matters. It's how we signal a level of respect for each other."

About half of all US states have moved toward such gender-neutral language at varying levels, from drafting bills to changing state constitutions, according to the National Conference of State Legislatures. Florida and Minnesota have already completely revised their laws as Washington state is doing.

The final installment of Washington state's bill already has sailed through the Senate Commerce and Labor Committee with unanimous approval. The nearly 500-page bill has one more committee stop scheduled before full Senate debate.

Crispin Thurlow, a sociolinguist and associate professor of language and communication at the University of Washington-Bothell, said the project was admirable.

He said that as language evolves, such efforts are more than symbolic.

"Changing words can change what we think about the world around us," he said. "These tiny moments accrue and become big movements."

As in past bills on the issue that have tackled sections of the state code, some revisions were as simple as adding "or her" after "his." Others required a little more scrutiny. Phrases like "man's past" changes to "humankind's past" and a "prudent man or woman" is simply a "prudent person." Kyle Thiessen, the state's code reviser who has been working on the project along with two attorneys since 2008, said that the work was not without obstacles.

Words like "manhole" and "manlock" aren't so easily replaced. Substitutes have been suggested — "utility hole" and "air lock serving as a decompression chamber for workers." But Thiessen said those references will be left alone to avoid confusion.

點擊查看更多雙語新聞

(Source: Yahoo)

在華盛頓州,諸如“牛奶房工人”、“大學新生”甚至“書法”這類英文含有“man”有男性傾向的詞很快都會成為過去。

在過去六年里,州政府官員一直忙于一項繁重的任務,即更換華盛頓州眾多法律里的語言,包括成千上萬的單詞和短語。這些法律條文很多都是一個多世紀之前撰寫的,當時根本沒有考慮到女性在警局或漁業(yè)工作的可能性。

這道工序預定在今年結束。華盛頓州已經(jīng)在其詞庫里更新了諸如“消防員”、“神職人員”、“警員”等詞匯,之后“監(jiān)察專員”、“保安”、“乳牛廠工人”、“大學新生”、“書法”等中性的詞也會相繼代替含有“man”的原有詞匯。

西雅圖市議員薩利?克拉克是此次語言變革的推動者之一,他表示:“有些人也許會說語言變革并不重要,沒必要費這么多精力更換這些語言。但語言是尤為重要的,它代表了我們彼此尊重的程度。”

根據(jù)全美州議會會議,美國約一半的州在不同程度上采取了起草法案以及改變州憲法等多種措施進行中性語言改革。佛羅里達州和明尼蘇達州已經(jīng)和華盛頓州一樣對法律用詞進行了徹底修改。

華盛頓州議案的最后一部分已經(jīng)獲參議院商業(yè)和勞工委員會全體一致通過。這份近500頁的議案經(jīng)委員會最后一次審核即可送往參議院進行全面討論。

社會語言學家兼華盛頓大學博塞爾校區(qū)語言與交流專業(yè)副教授克里斯平?瑟洛表示這個項目很棒。

他認為隨著語言的不斷發(fā)展演變,這種努力不僅具有象征意義,還具有實際意義。

他說道:“改變用詞能夠改變我們思考周圍世界的方式,這些微小的時刻累積起來會帶來巨大的改變。”

就像過去在處理州法律章節(jié)相關問題的議案那樣,有些修訂只是簡單地在“他”后面加上“或她”。其他一些修訂則需要更多的斟酌,比如把“(男)人的過去”改為“人類的過去”,把“謹慎的男人或女人”改為“謹慎的人”。州法規(guī)修訂人凱爾?狄森從2008年以來就一直和兩名律師一起從事這個項目,他表示工作過程中遇到不少障礙。

要替換像“檢修孔”和“人孔閘”這些含有“man”的詞就沒那么容易。有人提議用“故障排查洞”和“給工人減壓的氣閘”來替換上述兩個詞,但狄森表示不會采納這些參考意見以免引起人們的困惑。

相關閱讀

歐盟禁止使用“小姐”、“夫人”稱呼女性

職場女性懷孕依然廣泛遭受歧視待遇

研究:同性戀是最好的父母

澳大利亞新護照承認“第三種性別”

全球性別平等度排名 冰島居首

上班族調查:老板性別影響員工壓力程度

(中國日報網(wǎng)英語點津 實習生徐凌晨 編輯:陳丹妮)

Vocabulary:

penmanship: 書法;筆跡;筆法

onerous: 繁重的

copious: 很多的,大量的

slate: 預定,規(guī)劃

ombudsman: 監(jiān)察專員(專門負責調查人民對政府各部門控告案件的官員)

accrue: 積累

 

 

 
中國日報網(wǎng)英語點津版權說明:凡注明來源為“中國日報網(wǎng)英語點津:XXX(署名)”的原創(chuàng)作品,除與中國日報網(wǎng)簽署英語點津內容授權協(xié)議的網(wǎng)站外,其他任何網(wǎng)站或單位未經(jīng)允許不得非法盜鏈、轉載和使用,違者必究。如需使用,請與010-84883631聯(lián)系;凡本網(wǎng)注明“來源:XXX(非英語點津)”的作品,均轉載自其它媒體,目的在于傳播更多信息,其他媒體如需轉載,請與稿件來源方聯(lián)系,如產(chǎn)生任何問題與本網(wǎng)無關;本網(wǎng)所發(fā)布的歌曲、電影片段,版權歸原作者所有,僅供學習與研究,如果侵權,請?zhí)峁┌鏅嘧C明,以便盡快刪除。
 

關注和訂閱

人氣排行

翻譯服務

中國日報網(wǎng)翻譯工作室

我們提供:媒體、文化、財經(jīng)法律等專業(yè)領域的中英互譯服務
電話:010-84883468
郵件:translate@chinadaily.com.cn
 
 
主站蜘蛛池模板: 中文字幕三区 | 美女又黄又免费视频 | yp国产在线观看 | 色黄啪啪18周岁以下禁止观看 | 国产美女高清一级a毛片 | 69交性视频| 免费国产成人高清在线看软件 | 国产精品久久久久影视不卡 | 久久99精品久久久久久秒播放器 | 欧美日韩综合网在线观看 | 欧美久色 | 国产性生交xxxxx免费 | 亚洲综合成人在线 | 成年人性网站 | 日本韩国台湾香港三级 | 在线综合+亚洲+欧美中文字幕 | 国产成人高清亚洲一区久久 | 成人ab片 | 精品视频一区二区三区在线观看 | 久久精品人人爽人人爽快 | 欧美精品做人一级爱免费 | 国产在线观看xxxx免费 | 久视频免费精品6 | 亚洲最大福利视频 | 国产亚洲在线 | 男人的天堂精品国产一区 | 国产精品久久自在自线观看 | 国产中文在线视频 | 国产原创自拍 | 久久精品国产亚洲7777 | 国产在线视频精品视频免费看 | 欧美三级在线观看不卡视频 | 欧美一级淫片免费播放口 | 国产91专区 | 日本视频在线免费播放 | 国产vs久久 | 久久国产精品成人免费 | 国产一级免费 | 亚洲欧美国产精品 | 一个人看的www日本高清视频 | 欧美亚洲另类久久综合 |